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Key functional parameters throughout the processing chain were estimated from in situ conditions and integrated with numerical simulations. The spatiotemporal performances of the system\u2014using deep-learning neural networks upcall detection and bearing-crossing localization\u2014under in situ noise levels was consistent with predictions from comprehensive acoustic modelling of the full transmission pathway, from source emission to signal reception. Among the 3117 NARW upcalls detected, 30% were successfully localized within the common detection area shared by the two hydrophone arrays. Significant diel changes in call occurrence rates were observed. Spatiotemporal call patterns reveal multi-scale habitat use across the 3600-km2 surveyed region. This study highlights the enhanced capabilities and operational constraints of this beamformed, high-gain, directional listening system relative to conventional single-hydrophone passive acoustic monitoring approaches, particularly under conditions of elevated anthropogenic noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0046898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:59:06Z","timestamp":1792583946000},"page":"3231-3248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The whale binaural rings experiment: Long-range acoustic monitoring of North Atlantic right whales in the Gulf of St. Lawrence"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Yvan","family":"Simard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 1 , Mont-Joli, Qu\u00e9bec G5H 3Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Duquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 1 , Mont-Joli, Qu\u00e9bec G5H 3Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Gervaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SENSEA GROUPE 2 , 17 Rue du Colonel Denfert-Rochereau, 38000 Grenoble,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Constans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SENSEA GROUPE 2 , 17 Rue du Colonel Denfert-Rochereau, 38000 Grenoble,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolita","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SENSEA GROUPE 2 , 17 Rue du Colonel Denfert-Rochereau, 38000 Grenoble,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Royer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 1 , Mont-Joli, Qu\u00e9bec G5H 3Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 1 , Mont-Joli, Qu\u00e9bec G5H 3Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Aulanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 1 , Mont-Joli, Qu\u00e9bec G5H 3Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"231","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102107590009000_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2007.03","article-title":"An overview of fixed passive acoustic observation methods for cetaceans","volume":"20","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"2026102107590009000_c2","volume-title":"Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026102107590009000_c3","volume-title":"Listening in the Ocean","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026102107590009000_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3354\/esr00875","article-title":"Communicating amidst the noise: Modeling the aggregate influence of ambient and vessel noise on baleen whale communication space in a national marine sanctuary","volume":"36","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endang. 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