{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:25:24Z","timestamp":1775229924515,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Acoustical Society of America (ASA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper examines four acoustic correlates of vowel identity in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP): first formant (F1), second formant (F2), duration, and fundamental frequency (F0). Both varieties of Portuguese display some cross-linguistically common phenomena: vowel-intrinsic duration, vowel-intrinsic pitch, gender-dependent size of the vowel space, gender-dependent duration, and a skewed symmetry in F1 between front and back vowels. Also, the average difference between the vocal tract sizes associated with \u2215i\u2215 and \u2215u\u2215, as measured from formant analyses, is comparable to the average difference between male and female vocal tract sizes. A language-specific phenomenon is that in both varieties of Portuguese the vowel-intrinsic duration effect is larger than in many other languages. Differences between BP and EP are found in duration (BP has longer stressed vowels than EP), in F1 (the lower-mid front vowel approaches its higher-mid counterpart more closely in EP than in BP), and in the size of the intrinsic pitch effect (larger for BP than for EP).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3180321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,11]],"date-time":"2009-09-11T14:06:10Z","timestamp":1252677970000},"page":"1379-1393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["A cross-dialect acoustic description of vowels: Brazilian and European Portuguese"],"prefix":"10.1121","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Paola","family":"Escudero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, , Spuistraat 210, 1012VT Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Boersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, , Spuistraat 210, 1012VT Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9ia Schurt","family":"Rauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho Center for Studies in the Humanities, , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A. 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