{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:51:21Z","timestamp":1769529081044,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Society of Rheology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K03884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K03884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K14184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K14184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00532\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00532\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00532\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00532\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pubs.aip.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Part I of this paper [Haward et al., J. Rheol. 67, 995\u20131009 (2023)] presents a three-dimensional microfluidic device (the optimized uniaxial and biaxial extensional rheometer, OUBER) for generating near-homogeneous uniaxial and biaxial elongational flows. Here, in Part II, the OUBER device is employed to examine the uniaxial and biaxial extensional rheology of model dilute polymer solutions, compared with measurements made under planar extension in the optimized-shape cross-slot extensional rheometer [OSCER, Haward et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 128301 (2012)]. In each case, micro-particle image velocimetry is used to measure the extension rate as a function of the imposed flow conditions, and excess pressure drop measurements enable estimation of the tensile stress difference generated in the fluid via a new analysis based on the macroscopic power balance for flow through each device. Based on this analysis, for the most dilute polymer sample tested, which is \u201cultradilute\u201d, the extensional viscosity is well described by Peterlin\u2019s finitely extensible nonlinear elastic dumbbell model. In this limit, the biaxial extensional viscosity at high Weissenberg numbers (Wi) is half that of the uniaxial and planar extensional viscosities. At higher polymer concentrations, although the fluids remain dilute, the experimental measurements deviate from the model predictions, which is attributed to the onset of intermolecular interactions as the polymer chains unravel in the extensional flows. Of practical significance (and fundamental interest), elastic instability occurs at a significantly lower Wi in uniaxial extensional flow than in either biaxial or planar extensional flow, thereby limiting the utility of this flow type for extensional viscosity measurement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1122\/8.0000660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T12:07:12Z","timestamp":1690286832000},"page":"1011-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/aip-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Extensional rheometry of mobile fluids. Part II: Comparison between the uniaxial, planar, and biaxial extensional rheology of dilute polymer solutions using numerically optimized stagnation point microfluidic devices"],"prefix":"10.1122","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1884-4100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Haward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 1 , Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Varchanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 1 , Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth H.","family":"McKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatsopoulos Microfluids Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2 , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, ALiCE, CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto 3 , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1222-6264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy Q.","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology 1 , Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"}]}],"member":"187","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072512060452600_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1906.0038","article-title":"On the coefficient of viscous traction and its relation to that of viscosity","volume":"77","year":"1906","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2006.01.011","article-title":"Extensional viscosity: A critical discussion","volume":"137","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1681018","article-title":"Coil-stretch transition of dilute flexible polymers under ultrahigh velocity gradients","volume":"60","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c4","first-page":"241","article-title":"Mechanical models of dilute polymer solutions for strong flows with large polymer deformations","volume":"233","year":"1974","journal-title":"in Polym\u00e8res et Lubrification, Colloq. Int. du C.N.R.S."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01415506","article-title":"The extensibility of macromolecules in solution: A new focus for macromolecular science","volume":"263","year":"1985","journal-title":"Colloid Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00197a022","article-title":"Coil-stretch transitions in mixed shear and extensional flows of dilute polymer solutions","volume":"22","year":"1989","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2016","article-title":"Single polymer dynamics in an elongational flow","volume":"276","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549377","article-title":"Evaluation of material functions for steady elongational flows","volume":"19","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trans. Soc. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(82)80031-1","article-title":"Multiaxial elongational flows of polymer melts\u2014Classification and experimental realization","volume":"11","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(84)80044-0","article-title":"Extensional flows of Oldroyd fluids","volume":"14","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01332605","article-title":"Multiaxial elongation of polyisobutylene with various and changing strain rate ratios","volume":"24","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01332680","article-title":"On the extensional viscosity of mobile polymer solutions","volume":"26","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549922","article-title":"Comparison of simple constitutive equations for polymer melts in shear and biaxial and uniaxial extensions","volume":"31","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01331972","article-title":"Comparison of the rheology of polymer melts in shear, and biaxial and uniaxial extensions","volume":"26","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(90)80011-N","article-title":"Some asymptotic results for planar extension","volume":"34","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00444371","article-title":"Comparison between uniaxial and biaxial elongational flow behavior of viscoelastic fluids as predicted by differential constitutive equations","volume":"30","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1122\/1.550939","article-title":"A constitutive analysis of uniaxial, equibiaxial and planar extension of a commercial linear high-density polyethylene melt","volume":"42","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0257(99)00047-6","article-title":"Description of uniaxial, biaxial, and planar elongational viscosities of polystyrene melt by the K-BKZ model","volume":"89","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1122\/1.1346599","article-title":"An experimental and simulation study of dilute polymer solutions in exponential shear flow: Comparison to uniaxial and planar extensional flows","volume":"45","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1122\/1.1574021","article-title":"Rheometer for equibiaxial and planar elongations of polymer melts","volume":"47","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-007-0190-y","article-title":"Comparison of the elongational behavior of various polyolefins in uniaxial and equibiaxial flows","volume":"46","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123112","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0075094","article-title":"Full linear Phan-Thien\u2013Tanner fluid model: Exact analytical solutions for steady, startup, and cessation regimes of shear and extensional flows","volume":"33","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549612","article-title":"Rotary clamp in uniaxial and biaxial extensional rheometry of polymer melts","volume":"25","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760270802","article-title":"Polymer melt elongation\u2014Methods, results, and recent developments","volume":"27","year":"1987","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549648","article-title":"Lubricated squeezing flow: A new biaxial extensional rheometer","volume":"25","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c26"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c27","volume-title":"Rheology: Principles, Measurements and Applications","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043401","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4945604","article-title":"Microfluidic extensional rheometry using stagnation point flow","volume":"10","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549739","article-title":"Official nomenclature for material functions describing the response of a viscoelastic fluid to various shearing and extensional deformations","volume":"28","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1122\/1.4765670","article-title":"Official nomenclature for material functions describing the response of a viscoelastic fluid to various shearing and extensional deformations","volume":"39","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c31","volume-title":"Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c32","volume-title":"Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids","year":"1995"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c33"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1976.180140613","article-title":"Localized flow birefringence of polyethylene oxide solutions in a 4 roll mill","volume":"14","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(90)80027-W","article-title":"High-Deborah-number flows of dilute polymer solutions","volume":"34","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(92)80052-Y","article-title":"Birefringent pipes: The steady flow of a dilute polymer solution near a stagnation point","volume":"44","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0257(99)00020-8","article-title":"Computational studies of nonlinear elastic dumbbell models of Boger fluids in a cross-slot flow","volume":"88","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2007.12.009","article-title":"Scaling of singular structures in extensional flow of dilute polymer solutions","volume":"153","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2008.09.001","article-title":"Stress singularities and the formation of birefringent strands in stagnation flows of dilute polymer solutions","volume":"157","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.109.128301","article-title":"Optimized cross-slot geometry for microfluidic extensional rheometry","volume":"109","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223701","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5097850","article-title":"Microfluidic analog of an opposed-jets device","volume":"114","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(85)87012-9","article-title":"On the planar extensional viscosity of mobile liquids","volume":"19","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2964648","article-title":"Design of a cross-slot flow channel for extensional viscosity measurements","volume":"1027","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044108","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4816708","article-title":"Extensional flow of hyaluronic acid solutions in an optimized microfluidic cross-slot device","volume":"7","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33029","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33029","article-title":"Elastic instabilities in planar elongational flow of monodisperse polymer solutions","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c46","unstructured":"Haward, S. J., F.Pimenta, S.Varchanis, D. W.Carlson, K.Toda-Peters, M. A.Alves, and A. Q.Shen, \u201cExtensional rheometry of mobile fluids. Part I: OUBER, an optimized uniaxial and biaxial extensional rheometer,\u201d J. Rheol.67, 995\u20131009 (2023). 10.1122\/8.0000659"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1122\/1.2357595","article-title":"How dilute are dilute solutions in extensional flows?","volume":"50","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.10.070","article-title":"Digital photonic production of micro structures in glass by in-volume selective laser-induced etching using a high speed micro scanner","volume":"39","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Procedia"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC01478F","article-title":"A microfluidic opto-caloric switch for sorting of particles by using 3D-hydrodynamic focusing based on SLE fabrication capabilities","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2018.12.005","article-title":"3D-printed glass microfluidics for fluid dynamics and rheology","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Coloid Int."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.55.001205","article-title":"Interspecimen comparison of the refractive index of fused silica","volume":"55","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.1954.020140113","article-title":"Molekulargewichtsbestimmung von polyacrylamid mittels der ultrazentrifuge","volume":"14","year":"1954","journal-title":"Makromol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1980.130180208","article-title":"Unperturbed molecular dimensions of polyacrylamide in water","volume":"18","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6700(82)90004-1","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, solution properties and rheological behaviour of polyacrylamide","volume":"8","year":"1982","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(80)90266-9","article-title":"Polymer chain dimensions and the dependence of viscoelastic properties on concentration, molecular weight and solvent power","volume":"21","year":"1980","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085011","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0020850","article-title":"Polyacrylamide in glycerol solutions from an atomistic perspective of the energetics, structure, and dynamics","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIP Adv."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1122\/1.1332389","article-title":"Elasto-capillary thinning and breakup of model elastic liquids","volume":"45","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(78)85010-1","article-title":"Flow singularities, polymer chain extension and hydrodynamic instabilities","volume":"4","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(87)80009-5","article-title":"Dilute polystyrene solutions in extensional flows: Birefringence and flow modification","volume":"23","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c60"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-121108-145427","article-title":"Recent advances in micro-particle image velocimetry","volume":"42","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/11\/6\/326","article-title":"Volume illumination for two-dimensional particle image velocimetry","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9908","DOI":"10.1039\/c1sm05493g","article-title":"Extensional opto-rheometry with biofluids and ultra-dilute polymer solutions","volume":"7","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.85.031502","article-title":"Stagnation point flow of wormlike micellar solutions in a microfluidic cross-slot device: Effects of surfactant concentration and ionic environment","volume":"85","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SM01661K","article-title":"The rheology of aqueous solutions of ethyl hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (EHEC) and its hydrophobically modified analogue (hmEHEC): Extensional flow response in capillary break-up, jetting (ROJER) and in a cross-slot extensional rheometer","volume":"11","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(82)90240-3","article-title":"Photon-correlation velocimetry of polystyrene solutions in extensional flow-fields","volume":"23","year":"1982","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.144502","article-title":"Elastic instabilities of polymer solutions in cross-channel flow","volume":"96","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164503","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.164503","article-title":"Purely elastic flow asymmetries","volume":"99","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2008.06.008","article-title":"On extensibility effects in the cross-slot flow bifurcation","volume":"156","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"083104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4818151","article-title":"Instabilities in stagnation point flows of polymer solutions","volume":"25","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.2459","article-title":"Elastic instability and curved streamlines","volume":"77","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0257(96)01453-X","article-title":"Rheological and geometric scaling of purely elastic flow instabilities","volume":"67","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0257(97)00021-9","article-title":"Stability of planar stagnation flow of a highly viscoelastic fluid","volume":"72","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2010.03.010","article-title":"Purely elastic instabilities in three-dimensional cross-slot geometries","volume":"165","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c75"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-010-0453-x","article-title":"The rheology of polymer solution elastic strands in extensional flow","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(88)85049-3","article-title":"Do we understand the physics in the constitutive equation?","volume":"29","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2006.05.006","article-title":"A comment on smoothness of viscoelastic stresses","volume":"138","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(88)85018-3","article-title":"Elongational flow and rheology of monodisperse polymers in solution","volume":"30","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0257(90)80012-O","article-title":"The optical and mechanical response of flexible polymer solutions to extensional flow","volume":"34","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(71)90064-4","article-title":"Polymer chain extension produced by impinging jets and its effect on polyethylene solution","volume":"12","year":"1971","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c82"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00397-009-0420-6","article-title":"Extensional rheology of dilute polymer solutions in oscillatory cross-slot flow: The transient behavior of birefringent strands","volume":"49","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheol. Acta"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c84","volume-title":"Rheometry","year":"1975"},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1122\/1.550924","article-title":"The dynamics of ultradilute polymer solutions in transient flow: Comparison of dumbbell-based theory and experiment","volume":"42","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Rheol."},{"key":"2023072512060452600_c86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1122\/1.2167468","article-title":"Concentration dependence of shear and extensional rheology of polymer solutions: Brownian dynamics simulations","volume":"50","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Rheol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Rheology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/sor\/jor\/article-pdf\/67\/5\/1011\/18058945\/1011_1_8.0000660.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/sor\/jor\/article-pdf\/67\/5\/1011\/18058945\/1011_1_8.0000660.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/sor\/jor\/article-pdf\/67\/5\/1011\/18058945\/1011_1_8.0000660.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T20:07:11Z","timestamp":1745006831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.aip.org\/jor\/article\/67\/5\/1011\/2904216\/Extensional-rheometry-of-mobile-fluids-Part-II"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1122\/8.0000660","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6055","1520-8516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8516","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]}}}