{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:44:55Z","timestamp":1788925495218,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this case study was to describe the distinct approaches used by physical education (PE) teachers to accommodate students with disabilities in New York elementary school PE classes. The participants included 1 adapted PE specialist, 5 PE teachers, and 5 elementary school students with various impairments. Through thematic analysis, observations and interviews revealed 3 main approaches: (a)\u00a0normalized instruction\u2014traditional curriculum with no differentiation in the program; (b)\u00a0differentiated instruction\u2014adaptations tailored specifically to the needs of each student with disability; and (c)\u00a0universally designed instruction based on the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and accessibility to all students. Differentiated instruction, entailing modifications in the program and pedagogical accommodations, was the most prevalent approach at the research site, but lessons based on UDL principles were also observed. In association, the 2 approaches (differentiated instruction and UDL) represented significant resources to accommodate students with disabilities in PE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2018-0145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T05:15:50Z","timestamp":1559538950000},"page":"359-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Universal Design for Learning and Differentiated Instruction in Physical Education"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Mey A.","family":"van Munster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laureen J.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2State University of New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3University of New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref281","volume-title":"Teaching everyone: An introduction to inclusive education","author":"Rapp","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.24.4.287","article-title":"A systematic ecological model for adapting physical activities: Theoretical foundations and practical examples","volume":"24","author":"Hutzler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"125","volume-title":"A teacher\u2019s guide to adapted physical education: Including students with disabilities in sports and recreation","author":"Block","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"13","article-title":"Let\u2019s play together: Sports equipment for children with and without visual impairment","volume":"28","author":"Lieberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Palaestra,"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1994.10606826","article-title":"Inclusion in regular classes: Breaking from traditional curricula","volume":"65","author":"Rizzo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Adapted physical education and sport","author":"Lavay","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"93","volume-title":"A teacher\u2019s guide to adapted physical education: Including students with disabilities in sports and recreation","author":"Block","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/08856250500491849","article-title":"Including pupils with special educational needs and disabilities in National Curriculum Physical Education: A brief review","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education,"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1994.10606830","article-title":"Inclusion in regular physical education: The research base","volume":"65","author":"Block","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology,"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413-65382317000300004","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00f5es curriculares nas aulas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica envolvendo estudantes com defici\u00eancia visual","volume":"23","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Especial,"},{"key":"ref211","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Handbook of physical education","author":"Lieberman","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref671","volume-title":"Teaching physical education","author":"Mosston","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/001440290507100205","article-title":"Qualitative studies in special education","volume":"71","author":"Brantlinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exceptional Children,"},{"key":"ref331","volume-title":"Research methods in physical activity","author":"Thomas","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref361","volume-title":"Restructuring for caring and effective education","author":"Villa","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2017.1340206","article-title":"50 million strong for all: Universally designing CSPAPs to align with APE best practices","volume":"88","author":"Brian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.24.4.287","article-title":"A systematic ecological model for adapting physical activities: Theoretical foundations and practical examples","volume":"24","author":"Hutzler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.24.2.103","article-title":"Inclusion in physical education: A review of the literature from 1995\u20132005","volume":"24","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9604.2008.00390.x","article-title":"Let the children have their say: Children with special educational needs and their experiences of physical education\u2014A review","volume":"23","author":"Coates","year":"2008","journal-title":"Support for Learning,"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"93","volume-title":"A teacher\u2019s guide to adapted physical education: Including students with disabilities in sports and recreation","author":"Block","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/001440290507100205","article-title":"Qualitative studies in special education","volume":"71","author":"Brantlinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exceptional Children,"},{"key":"ref311","volume-title":"Adapted physical activity, recreation and sport: Crossdisciplinary and lifespan","author":"Sherrill","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref641","volume-title":"Strategies for inclusion: A handbook for physical educators","author":"Lieberman","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref231","volume-title":"Strategies for inclusion: A handbook for physical educators","author":"Lieberman","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2008.10598132","article-title":"Getting it right from the start: Employing the Universal Design for Learning approach to your curriculum","volume":"79","author":"Lieberman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.24112\/ajper.171877","article-title":"Implementation of curriculum planning on inclusive physical education in primary schools in Hong Kong","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation,"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2008.10598132","article-title":"Getting it right from the start: Employing the Universal Design for Learning approach to your curriculum","volume":"79","author":"Lieberman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.24112\/ajper.171877","article-title":"Implementation of curriculum planning on inclusive physical education in primary schools in Hong Kong","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation,"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.15.4.370","article-title":"Attitudes and grading practices of secondary physical educators in regular education settings","volume":"15","author":"Duchane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1994.10606826","article-title":"Inclusion in regular classes: Breaking from traditional curricula","volume":"65","author":"Rizzo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref571","first-page":"37","article-title":"Adapting equipment for teaching object control skills","volume":"27","author":"Healy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Palaestra,"},{"key":"ref811","volume-title":"Case study research: Design and methods","author":"Yin","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref261","volume-title":"Teaching physical education","author":"Mosston","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2013.757191","article-title":"Creating inclusive youth sport environments with the Universal Design for Learning","volume":"84","author":"Sherlock-Shangraw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"125","volume-title":"A teacher\u2019s guide to adapted physical education: Including students with disabilities in sports and recreation","author":"Block","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref691","volume-title":"Teaching everyone: An introduction to inclusive education","author":"Rapp","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2016.1271257","article-title":"The need for Universal Design for Learning","volume":"88","author":"Lieberman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref111","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions","author":"Creswell","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref251","volume-title":"Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation","author":"Merriam","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref741","volume-title":"Research methods in physical activity","author":"Thomas","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9604.2008.00390.x","article-title":"Let the children have their say: Children with special educational needs and their experiences of physical education\u2014A review","volume":"23","author":"Coates","year":"2008","journal-title":"Support for Learning,"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2017.1330167","article-title":"Applying Universal Design for Learning and the inclusion spectrum for students with severe disabilities in general physical education","volume":"88","author":"Grenier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2016.1271257","article-title":"The need for Universal Design for Learning","volume":"88","author":"Lieberman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.30.1.40","article-title":"Sitting and watching the others being active: The experienced difficulties in PE when having a disability","volume":"30","author":"Bredahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2013.757191","article-title":"Creating inclusive youth sport environments with the Universal Design for Learning","volume":"84","author":"Sherlock-Shangraw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology,"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.2015.1050118","article-title":"Perspectives of students with disabilities toward physical education: A qualitative inquiry review","volume":"67","author":"Haegele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quest,"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.24.2.103","article-title":"Inclusion in physical education: A review of the literature from 1995\u20132005","volume":"24","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref391","volume-title":"Adapted physical education and sports","author":"Winnick","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/1740898042000334908","article-title":"Still feeling like a spare piece of luggage? Embodied experiences of (dis)ability in physical education and school sport","volume":"10","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/1740898042000334908","article-title":"Still feeling like a spare piece of luggage? Embodied experiences of (dis)ability in physical education and school sport","volume":"10","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,"},{"key":"ref721","volume-title":"Adapted physical activity, recreation and sport: Crossdisciplinary and lifespan","author":"Sherrill","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2007.10597971","article-title":"Inclusion in physical education: Changing the culture","volume":"78","author":"Tripp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Handbook of physical education","author":"Lieberman","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2016-0017","article-title":"Inclusion of children with disabilities in physical education: A systematic review of literature from 2009 to 2015","volume":"34","author":"Wilhelmsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref661","volume-title":"Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation","author":"Merriam","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/08856250500491849","article-title":"Including pupils with special educational needs and disabilities in National Curriculum Physical Education: A brief review","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education,"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"13","article-title":"Let\u2019s play together: Sports equipment for children with and without visual impairment","volume":"28","author":"Lieberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Palaestra,"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.15.4.370","article-title":"Attitudes and grading practices of secondary physical educators in regular education settings","volume":"15","author":"Duchane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1590\/s1413-65382317000300004","article-title":"Adapta\u00e7\u00f5es curriculares nas aulas de educa\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica envolvendo estudantes com defici\u00eancia visual","volume":"23","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Especial,"},{"key":"ref381","article-title":"Differentiating instruction: Finding manageable ways to meet individual needs (excerpt)","author":"Willis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curriculum Update"},{"key":"ref341","article-title":"Differentiation of instruction in the elementary grades","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"ERIC Digest"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2017.1330167","article-title":"Applying Universal Design for Learning and the inclusion spectrum for students with severe disabilities in general physical education","volume":"88","author":"Grenier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref791","article-title":"Differentiating instruction: Finding manageable ways to meet individual needs (excerpt)","author":"Willis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curriculum Update"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.30.1.40","article-title":"Sitting and watching the others being active: The experienced difficulties in PE when having a disability","volume":"30","author":"Bredahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"37","article-title":"Adapting equipment for teaching object control skills","volume":"27","author":"Healy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Palaestra,"},{"key":"ref751","article-title":"Differentiation of instruction in the elementary grades","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"ERIC Digest"},{"key":"ref771","volume-title":"Restructuring for caring and effective education","author":"Villa","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.2015.1050118","article-title":"Perspectives of students with disabilities toward physical education: A qualitative inquiry review","volume":"67","author":"Haegele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quest,"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2016-0017","article-title":"Inclusion of children with disabilities in physical education: A systematic review of literature from 2009 to 2015","volume":"34","author":"Wilhelmsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly,"},{"key":"ref521","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions","author":"Creswell","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Adapted physical education and sport","author":"Lavay","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2012.697737","article-title":"Inclusion in physical education: A review of literature","volume":"59","author":"Qi","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Disability, Development and Education,"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2012.697737","article-title":"Inclusion in physical education: A review of literature","volume":"59","author":"Qi","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Disability, Development and Education,"},{"key":"ref401","volume-title":"Case study research: Design and methods","author":"Yin","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2017.1340206","article-title":"50 million strong for all: Universally designing CSPAPs to align with APE best practices","volume":"88","author":"Brian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1994.10606830","article-title":"Inclusion in regular physical education: The research base","volume":"65","author":"Block","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"},{"key":"ref801","volume-title":"Adapted physical education and sports","author":"Winnick","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2007.10597971","article-title":"Inclusion in physical education: Changing the culture","volume":"78","author":"Tripp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,"}],"container-title":["Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/apaq\/36\/3\/article-p359.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/apaq\/36\/3\/article-p359.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T03:40:56Z","timestamp":1663558856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/apaq\/36\/3\/article-p359.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/apaq.2018-0145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-5829","1543-2777"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-5829","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2777","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]}}}