{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:21:21Z","timestamp":1791922881870,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Soccer players often experience eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage given the physical demands of soccer match-play. Since long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) enhance muscle sensitivity to protein supplementation, dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil\u2013derived n-3PUFA, protein, and carbohydrate may promote exercise recovery. This study examined the influence of adding n-3PUFA to a whey protein, leucine, and carbohydrate containing beverage over a six-week supplementation period on physiological markers of recovery measured over three days following eccentric exercise. Competitive soccer players were assigned to one of three conditions (2\u2009\u00d7\u2009200\u00a0mL): a fish oil supplement beverage (FO; n\u2009=\u200910) that contained n-3PUFA (1100\u00a0mg DHA\/EPA\u2014approximately 550\u00a0mg DHA, 550\u00a0mg EPA), whey protein (15\u00a0g), leucine (1.8\u00a0g), and carbohydrate (20\u00a0g); a protein supplement beverage (PRO; n\u2009=\u200910) that contained whey protein (15\u00a0g), leucine (1.8\u00a0g), and carbohydrate (20\u00a0g); and a carbohydrate supplement beverage (CHO; n\u2009=\u200910) that contained carbohydrate (24\u00a0g). Eccentric exercise consisted of unilateral knee extension\/flexion contractions on both legs separately. Maximal force production was impaired by 22% during the 72-hour recovery period following eccentric exercise (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Muscle soreness, expressed as area under the curve (AUC) during 72-hour recovery, was less in FO (1948\u2009\u00b1\u20091091\u00a0mm\u2009\u00d7\u200972\u00a0h) than PRO (4640\u2009\u00b1\u20092654\u00a0mm\u2009\u00d7\u200972\u00a0h, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and CHO (4495\u2009\u00b1\u20091853\u00a0mm\u2009\u00d7\u200972\u00a0h, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.10). Blood concentrations of creatine kinase, expressed as AUC, were ~60% lower in FO compared to CHO (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and tended to be lower (~39%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.07) than PRO. No differences in muscle function, soccer performance, or blood c-reactive protein concentrations were observed between groups. In conclusion, the addition of n-3PUFA to a beverage containing whey protein, leucine, and carbohydrate ameliorates the increase in muscle soreness and blood concentrations of creatine kinase following eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T12:17:37Z","timestamp":1504613857000},"page":"26-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jordan D.","family":"Philpott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Walshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth E.","family":"MacKinley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart D.R.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Tipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver C.","family":"Witard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stirling"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"r1","series-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences,","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Reliability and validity of two tests of soccer skill","volume":"25","author":"Ali, A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ali, A., Williams, C., Hulse, M., Strudwick, A., Reddin, J., Howarth, L., . . . 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