{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:19:30Z","timestamp":1792606770648,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Injuries are an inevitable consequence of athletic performance with most athletes sustaining one or more during their athletic careers. As many as one in 12 athletes incur an injury during international competitions, many of which result in time lost from training and competition. Injuries to skeletal muscle account for over 40% of all injuries, with the lower leg being the predominant site of injury. Other common injuries include fractures, especially stress fractures in athletes with low energy availability, and injuries to tendons and ligaments, especially those involved in high-impact sports, such as jumping. Given the high prevalence of injury, it is not surprising that there has been a great deal of interest in factors that may reduce the risk of injury, or decrease the recovery time if an injury should occur: One of the main variables explored is nutrition. This review investigates the evidence around various nutrition strategies, including macro- and micronutrients, as well as total energy intake, to reduce the risk of injury and improve recovery time, focusing upon injuries to skeletal muscle, bone, tendons, and ligaments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T10:40:12Z","timestamp":1548326412000},"page":"189-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Nutrition for the Prevention and Treatment of Injuries in Track and Field Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Graeme L.","family":"Close","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool John Moores University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Trent University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Baar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Bermon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stress relaxation and targeted nutrition to treat patellar tendinopathy","author":"Baar, K.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baar, K. (2018). Stress relaxation and targeted nutrition to treat patellar tendinopathy. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 1\u201318. doi:10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0231"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181f79fa8","article-title":"Acute calcium ingestion attenuates exercise-induced disruption of calcium homeostasis","volume":"43","author":"Barry, D.W.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barry, D.W., Hansen, K.C., van Pelt, R.E., Witten, M., Wolfe, P., & Kohrt, W.M. (2011). Acute calcium ingestion attenuates exercise-induced disruption of calcium homeostasis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 43, 617\u2013623. PubMed ID: 20798655 doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181f79fa810.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181f79fa8"},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.6.1051","article-title":"Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone","volume":"128","author":"Barzel, U.S.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barzel, U.S., & Massey, L.K. (1998). Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone. Journal of Nutrition, 128, 1051\u20131053. PubMed ID: 9614169 doi:10.1093\/jn\/128.6.105110.1093\/jn\/128.6.1051"},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0244","article-title":"Recovery facilitation with Montmorency cherries following high-intensity, metabolically challenging exercise","volume":"40","author":"Bell, P.G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell, P.G., Walshe, I.H., Davison, G.W., Stevenson, E.J., & Howatson, G. (2015). Recovery facilitation with Montmorency cherries following high-intensity, metabolically challenging exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 40, 414\u2013423. PubMed ID: 25794236 doi:10.1139\/apnm-2014-024410.1139\/apnm-2014-0244"},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199928020-00004","article-title":"Risk factors for stress fractures","volume":"28","author":"Bennell, K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bennell, K., Matheson, G., Meeuwisse, W., & Brukner, P. (1999). Risk factors for stress fractures. Sports Medicine, 28, 91\u2013122. PubMed ID: 10492029 doi:10.2165\/00007256-199928020-0000410.2165\/00007256-199928020-00004"},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-7-2","article-title":"Carbohydrate vs. protein supplementation for recovery of neuromuscular function following prolonged load carriage","volume":"7","author":"Blacker, S.D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blacker, S.D., Williams, N.C., Fallowfield, J.L., Bilzon, J., & Willems, M.E. (2010). Carbohydrate vs. protein supplementation for recovery of neuromuscular function following prolonged load carriage. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 7, 2. PubMed ID: 20157419 doi:10.1186\/1550-2783-7-210.1186\/1550-2783-7-2"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.06.007","article-title":"Supplementation with a whey protein hydrolysate enhances recovery of muscle force-generating capacity following eccentric exercise","volume":"13","author":"Buckley, J.D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buckley, J.D., Thomson, R.L., Coates, A.M., Howe, P.R., DeNichilo, M.O., & Rowney, M.K. (2010). Supplementation with a whey protein hydrolysate enhances recovery of muscle force-generating capacity following eccentric exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13, 178\u2013181. PubMed ID: 18768358 doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.06.00710.1016\/j.jsams.2008.06.007"},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Current Medical Research & Opinion,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1185\/030079908X291967","article-title":"24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain","volume":"24","author":"Clark, K.L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clark, K.L., Sebastianelli, W., Flechsenhar, K.R., Aukermann, D.F., Meza, F., Millard, R.L., . . . Albert, A. (2008). 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain. Current Medical Research & Opinion, 24, 1485\u20131496. PubMed ID: 18416885 doi:10.1185\/030079908X29196710.1185\/030079908X291967"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology\u2014Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2005.08.005","article-title":"The emerging role of free radicals in delayed onset muscle soreness and contraction-induced muscle injury","volume":"142","author":"Close, G.L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Close, G.L., Ashton, T., McArdle, A., & Maclaren, D.P. (2005). The emerging role of free radicals in delayed onset muscle soreness and contraction-induced muscle injury. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology\u2014Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 142, 257\u2013266. PubMed ID: 16153865 doi:10.1016\/j.cbpa.2005.08.00510.1016\/j.cbpa.2005.08.005"},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Free Radical Biology & Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.018","article-title":"Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: Implications for exercise adaptations","volume":"84","author":"Cobley, J.N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cobley, J.N., McHardy, H., Morton, J.P., Nikolaidis, M.G., & Close, G.L. (2015). Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: Implications for exercise adaptations. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 84, 65\u201376. PubMed ID: 25841784 doi:10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.01810.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.018"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1139\/H10-017","article-title":"Effect of milk-based carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage","volume":"35","author":"Cockburn, E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cockburn, E., Stevenson, E., Hayes, P.R., Robson-Ansley, P., & Howatson, G. (2010). Effect of milk-based carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 35, 270\u2013277. PubMed ID: 20555370 doi:10.1139\/H10-01710.1139\/H10-017"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000617","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid affects markers of inflammation and muscle damage after eccentric exercise","volume":"28","author":"DiLorenzo, F.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"DiLorenzo, F.M., Drager, C.J., & Rankin, J.W. (2014). Docosahexaenoic acid affects markers of inflammation and muscle damage after eccentric exercise. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28, 2768\u20132774. PubMed ID: 25029008 doi:10.1519\/JSC.000000000000061710.1519\/JSC.0000000000000617"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Current Genomics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2174\/138920211796429736","article-title":"The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates","volume":"12","author":"Drouin, G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drouin, G., Godin, J.R., & Page, B. (2011). The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates. Current Genomics, 12, 371\u2013378. PubMed ID: 22294879 doi:10.2174\/13892021179642973610.2174\/138920211796429736"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095559","article-title":"Muscle injury is the principal injury type and hamstring muscle injury is the first injury diagnosis during top-level international athletics championships between 2007 and 2015","volume":"50","author":"Edouard, P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Edouard, P., Branco, P., & Alonso, J.M. (2016). Muscle injury is the principal injury type and hamstring muscle injury is the first injury diagnosis during top-level international athletics championships between 2007 and 2015. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 619\u2013630. PubMed ID: 26887415 doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2015-09555910.1136\/bjsports-2015-095559"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094316","article-title":"Sex differences in injury during top-level international athletics championships: Surveillance data from 14 championships between 2007 and 2014","volume":"49","author":"Edouard, P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edouard, P., Feddermann-Demont, N., Alonso, J.M., Branco, P., & Junge, A. (2015). Sex differences in injury during top-level international athletics championships: Surveillance data from 14 championships between 2007 and 2014. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49, 472\u2013477. PubMed ID: 25618889 doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2014-09431610.1136\/bjsports-2014-094316"},{"key":"r16","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093087","article-title":"Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007\u20132012","volume":"48","author":"Feddermann-Demont, N.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feddermann-Demont, N., Junge, A., Edouard, P., Branco, P., & Alonso, J.M. (2014). Injuries in 13 international Athletics championships between 2007\u20132012. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 513\u2013522. PubMed ID: 24620039 doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-09308710.1136\/bjsports-2013-093087"},{"key":"r17","series-title":"European Cells & Materials,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v035a25","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D in bone fracture healing and post-traumatic bone turnover","volume":"35","author":"Fischer, V.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fischer, V., Haffner-Luntzer, M., Amling, M., & Ignatius, A. (2018). Calcium and vitamin D in bone fracture healing and post-traumatic bone turnover. European Cells & Materials, 35, 365\u2013385. PubMed ID: 29931664 doi:10.22203\/eCM.v035a2510.22203\/eCM.v035a25"},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Nutrition in Clinical Practice,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426506021005430","article-title":"Energy expenditure and protein requirements after traumatic injury","volume":"21","author":"Frankenfield, D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frankenfield, D. (2006). Energy expenditure and protein requirements after traumatic injury. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 21, 430\u2013437. PubMed ID: 16998142 doi:10.1177\/011542650602100543010.1177\/0115426506021005430"},{"key":"r19","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.030783","article-title":"Regional bone mineral density in male athletes: A comparison of soccer players, runners and controls","volume":"41","author":"Fredericson, M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fredericson, M., Chew, K., Ngo, J., Cleek, T., Kiratli, J., & Cobb, K. (2007). Regional bone mineral density in male athletes: A comparison of soccer players, runners and controls. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41, 664\u2013668. PubMed ID: 17473003 doi:10.1136\/bjsm.2006.03078310.1136\/bjsm.2006.030783"},{"key":"r20","series-title":"Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.01.2016.06","article-title":"Nutraceutical supplement in the management of tendinopathies: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Fusini, F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fusini, F., Bisicchia, S., Bottegoni, C., Gigante, A., Zanchini, F., & Busilacchi, A. (2016). Nutraceutical supplement in the management of tendinopathies: A systematic review. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 6, 48\u201357. PubMed ID: 2733103110.32098\/mltj.01.2016.06"},{"key":"r21","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2016-0154","article-title":"Dietary protein intake and distribution patterns of well-trained Dutch athletes","volume":"27","author":"Gillen, J.B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gillen, J.B., Trommelen, J., Wardenaar, F.C., Brinkmans, N.Y., Versteegen, J.J., Jonvik, K.L., . . . van Loon, L.J. (2017). Dietary protein intake and distribution patterns of well-trained Dutch athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 27, 105\u2013114. PubMed ID: 27710150 doi:10.1123\/ijsnem.2016-015410.1123\/ijsnem.2016-0154"},{"key":"r22","series-title":"The Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.160333","article-title":"Immobilization induces anabolic resistance in human myofibrillar protein synthesis with low and high dose amino acid infusion","volume":"586","author":"Glover, E.I.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Glover, E.I., Phillips, S.M., Oates, B.R., Tang, J.E., Tarnopolsky, M.A., Selby, A., . . . Rennie, M.J. (2008). Immobilization induces anabolic resistance in human myofibrillar protein synthesis with low and high dose amino acid infusion. The Journal of Physiology, 586, 6049\u20136061. PubMed ID: 18955382 doi:10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.16033310.1113\/jphysiol.2008.160333"},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.109.6.557","article-title":"Studies on the formation of collagen. IV. Effect of vitamin C deficiency on the neutral salt-extractible collagen of skin","volume":"109","author":"Gross, J.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Gross, J. (1959). Studies on the formation of collagen. IV. Effect of vitamin C deficiency on the neutral salt-extractible collagen of skin. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 109, 557\u2013569. PubMed ID: 13654628 doi:10.1084\/jem.109.6.55710.1084\/jem.109.6.557"},{"key":"r24","series-title":"PLoS ONE,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0123302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123302","article-title":"The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists: A randomised crossover trial","volume":"10","author":"Haakonssen, E.C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haakonssen, E.C., Ross, M.L., Knight, E.J., Cato, L.E., Nana, A., Wluka, A.E., . . . Burke, L.M. (2015). The effects of a calcium-rich pre-exercise meal on biomarkers of calcium homeostasis in competitive female cyclists: A randomised crossover trial. PLoS ONE, 10, 0123302. PubMed ID: 25970439 doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.012330210.1371\/journal.pone.0123302"},{"key":"r25","series-title":"The Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0625c.xd","article-title":"Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans","volume":"536","author":"Hespel, P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hespel, P., Op\u2019t Eijnde, B., Van Leemputte, M., Urso, B., Greenhaff, P.L., Labarque, V., . . . Richter, E.A. (2001). Oral creatine supplementation facilitates the rehabilitation of disuse atrophy and alters the expression of muscle myogenic factors in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 536, 625\u2013633. PubMed ID: 11600695 doi:10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0625c.xd10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0625c.xd"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040410","article-title":"Dose-response relationships between energy availability and bone turnover in young exercising women","volume":"19","author":"Ihle, R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ihle, R., & Loucks, A.B. (2004). Dose-response relationships between energy availability and bone turnover in young exercising women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19, 1231\u20131240. PubMed ID: 15231009 doi:10.1359\/JBMR.04041010.1359\/JBMR.040410"},{"issue":"5","key":"r27","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0867-7","article-title":"Fuel for the work required: A theoretical framework for carbohydrate periodization and the glycogen threshold hypothesis","volume":"48","author":"Impey, S.G.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Impey, S.G., Hearris, M.A., Hammond, K.M., Bartlett, J.D., Louis, J., Close, G.L., & Morton, J.P. (2018). Fuel for the work required: A theoretical framework for carbohydrate periodization and the glycogen threshold hypothesis. Sports Medicine, 48(5), 1031\u20131048. PubMed ID: 29453741 doi:10.1007\/s40279-018-0867-710.1007\/s40279-018-0867-7"},{"key":"r28","series-title":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818efbcc","article-title":"Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance","volume":"23","author":"Johnston, A.P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnston, A.P., Burke, D.G., MacNeil, L.G., & Candow, D.G. (2009). Effect of creatine supplementation during cast-induced immobilization on the preservation of muscle mass, strength, and endurance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 116\u2013120. PubMed ID: 19130643 doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818efbcc10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818efbcc"},{"key":"r29","series-title":"Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000177774","article-title":"Impaired mechanical strength of bone in experimental copper deficiency","volume":"37","author":"Jonas, J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jonas, J., Burns, J., Abel, E.W., Cresswell, M.J., Strain, J.J., & Paterson, C.R. (1993). Impaired mechanical strength of bone in experimental copper deficiency. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 37, 245\u2013252. PubMed ID: 8311418 doi:10.1159\/00017777410.1159\/000177774"},{"key":"r30","series-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10413","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase: Properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell","volume":"88","author":"Kagan, H.M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kagan, H.M., & Li, W. (2003). Lysyl oxidase: Properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 88, 660\u2013672. PubMed ID: 12577300 doi:10.1002\/jcb.1041310.1002\/jcb.10413"},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Foot & Ankle International,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0671","article-title":"Acute and overuse injuries correlated to hours of training in master running athletes","volume":"29","author":"Knobloch, K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Knobloch, K., Yoon, U., & Vogt, P.M. (2008). Acute and overuse injuries correlated to hours of training in master running athletes. Foot & Ankle International, 29, 671\u2013676. PubMed ID: 18785416 doi:10.3113\/FAI.2008.067110.3113\/FAI.2008.0671"},{"key":"r32","series-title":"The Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00299.x","article-title":"Type I collagen synthesis and degradation in peritendinous tissue after exercise determined by microdialysis in humans","volume":"521","author":"Langberg, H.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Langberg, H., Skovgaard, D., Petersen, L.J., Bulow, J., & Kjaer, M. (1999). Type I collagen synthesis and degradation in peritendinous tissue after exercise determined by microdialysis in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 521, 299\u2013306. doi:10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00299.x10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.00299.x"},{"key":"r33","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080102","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D supplementation decreases incidence of stress fractures in female navy recruits","volume":"23","author":"Lappe, J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lappe, J., Cullen, D., Haynatzki, G., Recker, R., Ahlf, R., & Thompson, K. (2008). Calcium and vitamin D supplementation decreases incidence of stress fractures in female navy recruits. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 23, 741\u2013749. PubMed ID: 18433305 doi:10.1359\/jbmr.08010210.1359\/jbmr.080102"},{"key":"r34","series-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504270454","article-title":"Prevalence of jumper\u2019s knee among elite athletes from different sports: A cross-sectional study","volume":"33","author":"Lian, O.B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lian, O.B., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr, R. (2005). Prevalence of jumper\u2019s knee among elite athletes from different sports: A cross-sectional study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33, 561\u2013567. PubMed ID: 15722279 doi:10.1177\/036354650427045410.1177\/0363546504270454"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"A treatise on the scurvy","author":"Lind, J.","year":"1757","unstructured":"Lind, J. (1757). A treatise on the scurvy (2nd ed.). London, UK: A. Millar."},{"issue":"15","key":"r36","series-title":"Physiological Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12893","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12893","article-title":"The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein","volume":"4","author":"Macnaughton, L.S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macnaughton, L.S., Wardle, S.L., Witard, O.C., McGlory, C., Hamilton, D.L., Jeromson, S., . . . Tipton, K.D. (2016). The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein. Physiological Reports, 4(15), e12893. PubMed ID: 27511985 doi:10.14814\/phy2.1289310.14814\/phy2.12893"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2014-0140","article-title":"Effects of DHA-rich fish oil supplementation on the lipid profile, markers of muscle damage, and neutrophil function in wheelchair basketball athletes before and after acute exercise","volume":"40","author":"Marques, C.G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marques, C.G., Santos, V.C., Levada-Pires, A.C., Jacintho, T.M., Gorjao, R., Pithon-Curi, T.C., & Cury-Boaventura, M.F. (2015). Effects of DHA-rich fish oil supplementation on the lipid profile, markers of muscle damage, and neutrophil function in wheelchair basketball athletes before and after acute exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 40, 596\u2013604. PubMed ID: 25942100 doi:10.1139\/apnm-2014-014010.1139\/apnm-2014-0140"},{"key":"r38","series-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.001","article-title":"Change in knee osteoarthritis cartilage detected by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging following treatment with collagen hydrolysate: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"McAlindon, T.E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"McAlindon, T.E., Nuite, M., Krishnan, N., Ruthazer, R., Price, L.L., Burstein, D., . . . Flechsenhar, K. (2011). Change in knee osteoarthritis cartilage detected by delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging following treatment with collagen hydrolysate: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 19, 399\u2013405. PubMed ID: 21251991 doi:10.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.00110.1016\/j.joca.2011.01.001"},{"key":"r39","series-title":"Clinical Sports Medicine,","first-page":"737","article-title":"Stress fractures in runners","volume":"4","author":"McBryde, A.M., Jr.","year":"1985","unstructured":"McBryde, A.M., Jr. (1985). Stress fractures in runners. Clinical Sports Medicine, 4, 737\u2013752."},{"key":"r40","series-title":"Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes & Essential Fatty Acids,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.03.001","article-title":"Temporal changes in human skeletal muscle and blood lipid composition with fish oil supplementation","volume":"90","author":"McGlory, C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"McGlory, C., Galloway, S.D., Hamilton, D.L., McClintock, C., Breen, L., Dick, J.R., . . . Tipton, K.D. (2014). Temporal changes in human skeletal muscle and blood lipid composition with fish oil supplementation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes & Essential Fatty Acids, 90, 199\u2013206. doi:10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.03.00110.1016\/j.plefa.2014.03.001"},{"key":"r41","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181b2ef8e","article-title":"Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes","volume":"42","author":"Mettler, S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mettler, S., Mitchell, N., & Tipton, K.D. (2010). Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42, 326\u2013337. PubMed ID: 19927027 doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181b2ef8e10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181b2ef8e"},{"key":"r42","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00797.2006","article-title":"Tendon collagen synthesis at rest and after exercise in women","volume":"102","author":"Miller, B.F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller, B.F., Hansen, M., Olesen, J.L., Schwarz, P., Babraj, J.A., Smith, K., . . . Kjaer, M. (2007). Tendon collagen synthesis at rest and after exercise in women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 102, 541\u2013546. PubMed ID: 16990502 doi:10.1152\/japplphysiol.00797.200610.1152\/japplphysiol.00797.2006"},{"key":"r43","series-title":"The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.08.002","article-title":"Association of vitamin D with stress fractures: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Miller, J.R.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller, J.R., Dunn, K.W., Ciliberti, L.J., Jr., Patel, R.D., & Swanson, B.A. (2016). Association of vitamin D with stress fractures: A retrospective cohort study. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery, 55, 117\u2013120. PubMed ID: 26419854 doi:10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.08.00210.1053\/j.jfas.2015.08.002"},{"key":"r44","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2013-0209","article-title":"Case study: Muscle atrophy and hypertrophy in a premier league soccer player during rehabilitation from ACL injury","volume":"24","author":"Milsom, J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Milsom, J., Barreira, P., Burgess, D.J., Iqbal, Z., & Morton, J.P. (2014). Case study: Muscle atrophy and hypertrophy in a premier league soccer player during rehabilitation from ACL injury. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 24, 543\u2013552. PubMed ID: 24458224 doi:10.1123\/ijsnem.2013-020910.1123\/ijsnem.2013-0209"},{"key":"r45","series-title":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-9-6","article-title":"Dietary intake and stress fractures among elite male combat recruits","volume":"9","author":"Moran, D.S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moran, D.S., Heled, Y., Arbel, Y., Israeli, E., Finestone, A.S., Evans, R.K., & Yanovich, R. (2012). Dietary intake and stress fractures among elite male combat recruits. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9, 6. PubMed ID: 22413851 doi:10.1186\/1550-2783-9-610.1186\/1550-2783-9-6"},{"key":"r46","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","first-page":"376","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults","volume":"52","author":"Morton, R.W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morton, R.W., Murphy, K.T., McKellar, S.R., Schoenfeld, B.J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., . . . Phillips, S.M. (2018). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52, 376\u2013384. PubMed ID: 28698222"},{"key":"r47","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093502","article-title":"The IOC consensus statement: Beyond the female athlete triad\u2014Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)","volume":"48","author":"Mountjoy, M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Burke, L., Carter, S., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., . . . Ljungqvist, A. (2014). The IOC consensus statement: Beyond the female athlete triad\u2014Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 491\u2013497. PubMed ID: 24620037 doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2014-09350210.1136\/bjsports-2014-093502"},{"key":"r48","series-title":"Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1126\/science.157.3791.927","article-title":"Collagen proline hydroxylase in wound healing, granuloma formation, scurvy, and growth","volume":"157","author":"Mussini, E.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Mussini, E., Hutton, J.J., Jr., & Udenfriend, S. (1967). Collagen proline hydroxylase in wound healing, granuloma formation, scurvy, and growth. Science, 157, 927\u2013929. PubMed ID: 4378050 doi:10.1126\/science.157.3791.92710.1126\/science.157.3791.927"},{"key":"r49","series-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-10-754","article-title":"Low bone density is an etiologic factor for stress fractures in athletes","volume":"113","author":"Myburgh, K.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Myburgh, K.H., Hutchins, J., Fataar, A.B., Hough, S.F., & Noakes, T.D. (1990). Low bone density is an etiologic factor for stress fractures in athletes. Annals of Internal Medicine, 113, 754\u2013759. PubMed ID: 1978620 doi:10.7326\/0003-4819-113-10-75410.7326\/0003-4819-113-10-754"},{"key":"r50","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","first-page":"1867","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad","volume":"39","author":"Nattiv, A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nattiv, A., Loucks, A.B., Manore, M.M., Sanborn, C.F., Sundgot-Borgen, J., Warren, M.P., and American College of Sports Medicine. (2007). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39, 1867\u20131882. PubMed ID: 17909417 doi:10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f111"},{"key":"r51","series-title":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,","first-page":"740","article-title":"Nutritional factors that influence change in bone density and stress fracture risk among young female cross-country runners","volume":"2","author":"Nieves, J.W.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nieves, J.W., Melsop, K., Curtis, M., Kelsey, J.L., Bachrach, L.K., Greendale, G., . . . Sainani, K.L. (2010). Nutritional factors that influence change in bone density and stress fracture risk among young female cross-country runners. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2, 740\u2013750."},{"key":"r52","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.16.6.620","article-title":"Effects of amino acid supplementation on muscle soreness and damage","volume":"16","author":"Nosaka, K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nosaka, K., Sacco, P., & Mawatari, K. (2006). Effects of amino acid supplementation on muscle soreness and damage. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16, 620\u2013635. PubMed ID: 17342883 doi:10.1123\/ijsnem.16.6.62010.1123\/ijsnem.16.6.620"},{"key":"r53","series-title":"Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/112.4.708","article-title":"Role of copper in collagen cross-linking and its influence on selected mechanical properties of chick bone and tendon","volume":"112","author":"Opsahl, W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Opsahl, W., Zeronian, H., Ellison, M., Lewis, D., Rucker, R.B., & Riggins, R.S. (1982). Role of copper in collagen cross-linking and its influence on selected mechanical properties of chick bone and tendon. Journal of Nutrition, 112, 708\u2013716. PubMed ID: 6121843 doi:10.1093\/jn\/112.4.70810.1093\/jn\/112.4.708"},{"key":"r54","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0841-9","article-title":"Vitamin D and the athlete: Current perspectives and new challenges","volume":"48","author":"Owens, D.J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Owens, D.J., Allison, R., & Close, G.L. (2018). Vitamin D and the athlete: Current perspectives and new challenges. Sports Medicine, 48, 3\u201316. PubMed ID: 29368183 doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0841-910.1007\/s40279-017-0841-9"},{"key":"r55","series-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Endocrinology and Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1019","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00375.2015","article-title":"A systems based investigation into vitamin D and skeletal muscle repair, regeneration and hypertrophy","volume":"309","author":"Owens, D.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Owens, D.J., Sharples, A.P., Polydorou, I., Alwan, N., Donovan, T.F., Tang, J., . . . Close, G.L. (2015). A systems based investigation into vitamin D and skeletal muscle repair, regeneration and hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology\u2014Endocrinology and Metabolism, 309, E1019\u20131031. PubMed ID: 26506852 doi:10.1152\/ajpendo.00375.201510.1152\/ajpendo.00375.2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"r56","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1505957","article-title":"Exercise-induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions?","volume":"19","author":"Owens, D.J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Owens, D.J., Twist, C., Cobley, J.N., Howatson, G., & Close, G.L. (2019). Exercise-induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions? European Journal of Sport Science, 19(1), 71\u201385. doi:10.1080\/17461391.2018.150595710.1080\/17461391.2018.1505957"},{"key":"r57","series-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390500466174","article-title":"The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z","volume":"46","author":"Palacios, C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palacios, C. (2006). The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46, 621\u2013628. PubMed ID: 17092827 doi:10.1080\/1040839050046617410.1080\/10408390500466174"},{"key":"r58","series-title":"European Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1498-8","article-title":"Reduced energy availability: Implications for bone health in physically active populations","volume":"57","author":"Papageorgiou, M.","year":"2018a","unstructured":"Papageorgiou, M., Dolan, E., Elliott-Sale, K.J., & Sale, C. (2018a). Reduced energy availability: Implications for bone health in physically active populations. European Journal of Nutrition, 57, 847\u2013859. doi:10.1007\/s00394-017-1498-810.1007\/s00394-017-1498-8"},{"key":"r59","series-title":"Bone,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.019","article-title":"Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men","volume":"105","author":"Papageorgiou, M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papageorgiou, M., Elliott-Sale, K.J., Parsons, A., Tang, J.C.Y., Greeves, J.P., Fraser, W.D., & Sale, C. (2017). Effects of reduced energy availability on bone metabolism in women and men. Bone, 105, 191\u2013199. PubMed ID: 28847532 doi:10.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.01910.1016\/j.bone.2017.08.019"},{"key":"r60","series-title":"Bone,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.06.016","article-title":"Bone metabolic responses to low energy availability achieved by diet or exercise in active eumenorrheic women","volume":"114","author":"Papageorgiou, M.","year":"2018b","unstructured":"Papageorgiou, M., Martin, D., Colgan, H., Cooper, S., Greeves, J.P., Tang, J.C.Y., . . . Sale, C. (2018b). Bone metabolic responses to low energy availability achieved by diet or exercise in active eumenorrheic women. Bone, 114, 181\u2013188. doi:10.1016\/j.bone.2018.06.01610.1016\/j.bone.2018.06.016"},{"key":"r61","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0137-7","article-title":"Effects of protein supplements on muscle damage, soreness and recovery of muscle function and physical performance: A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Pasiakos, S.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pasiakos, S.M., Lieberman, H.R., & McLellan, T.M. (2014). Effects of protein supplements on muscle damage, soreness and recovery of muscle function and physical performance: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 44, 655\u2013670. PubMed ID: 24435468 doi:10.1007\/s40279-013-0137-710.1007\/s40279-013-0137-7"},{"key":"r62","series-title":"Endeavour,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-9327(88)90081-6","article-title":"Collagen chemistry and the brittle bone diseases","volume":"12","author":"Paterson, C.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Paterson, C.R. (1988). Collagen chemistry and the brittle bone diseases. Endeavour, 12, 56\u201359. PubMed ID: 245890610.1016\/0160-9327(88)90081-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"r63","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0343","article-title":"Evidence-based supplements for the enhancement of athletic performance","volume":"28","author":"Peeling, P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peeling, P., Binnie, M.J., Goods, P.S.R., Sim, M., & Burke, L.M. (2018). Evidence-based supplements for the enhancement of athletic performance. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(2), 178\u2013187. PubMed ID: 29465269 doi:10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-034310.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0343"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"r64","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002516","article-title":"Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes","volume":"108","author":"Phillips, S.M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phillips, S.M. (2012). Dietary protein requirements and adaptive advantages in athletes. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(Suppl. 2), S158\u2013S167.10.1017\/S0007114512002516"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"r65","series-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.619204","article-title":"Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation","volume":"29","author":"Phillips, S.M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Phillips, S.M., & Van Loon, L.J. (2011). Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(Suppl. 1), S29\u2013S38. doi:10.1017\/S000711451200251610.1080\/02640414.2011.619204"},{"key":"r66","series-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery\u2014British,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B12.24913","article-title":"Injuries to the lower back in elite fast bowlers: Acute stress changes on MRI predict stress fracture","volume":"92","author":"Ranson, C.A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ranson, C.A., Burnett, A.F., & Kerslake, R.W. (2010). Injuries to the lower back in elite fast bowlers: Acute stress changes on MRI predict stress fracture. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery\u2014British, 92, 1664\u20131668. doi:10.1302\/0301-620X.92B12.2491310.1302\/0301-620X.92B12.24913"},{"key":"r67","series-title":"Osteoporosis International","article-title":"Benefits and safety of dietary protein for bone health\u2014An expert consensus paper endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteopororosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and by the International Osteoporosis Foundation","author":"Rizzoli, R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rizzoli, R., Biver, E., Bonjour, J.P., Coxam, V., Goltzman, D., Kanis, J.A., . . . Reginster, J.Y. (2018). Benefits and safety of dietary protein for bone health\u2014An expert consensus paper endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteopororosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and by the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporosis International. PubMed ID: 29740667 doi:10.1007\/s00198-018-4534-5"},{"key":"r68","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","first-page":"1528","article-title":"Dietary protein and bone health: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation","volume":"105","author":"Shams-White, M.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shams-White, M.M., Chung, M., Du, M., Fu, Z., Insogna, K.L., Karlsen, M.C., . . . Weaver, C.M. (2017). Dietary protein and bone health: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105, 1528\u20131543. PubMed ID: 28404575 doi:10.3945\/ajcn.116.145110"},{"key":"r69","series-title":"PLoS ONE,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0192459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192459","article-title":"Animal versus plant protein and adult bone health: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation","volume":"13","author":"Shams-White, M.M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shams-White, M.M., Chung, M., Fu, Z., Insogna, K.L., Karlsen, M.C., LeBoff, M.S., . . . Weaver, C.M. (2018). Animal versus plant protein and adult bone health: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. PLoS ONE, 13, e0192459. PubMed ID: 29474360 doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.019245910.1371\/journal.pone.0192459"},{"key":"r70","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.138594","article-title":"Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis","volume":"105","author":"Shaw, G.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaw, G., Lee-Barthel, A., Ross, M.L., Wang, B., & Baar, K. (2017). Vitamin C-enriched gelatin supplementation before intermittent activity augments collagen synthesis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105, 136\u2013143. PubMed ID: 27852613 doi:10.3945\/ajcn.116.13859410.3945\/ajcn.116.138594"},{"key":"r71","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0312","article-title":"Case study: Body composition periodization in an Olympic-level female middle-distance runner over a 9-year career","volume":"28","author":"Stellingwerff, T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stellingwerff, T. (2018). Case study: Body composition periodization in an Olympic-level female middle-distance runner over a 9-year career. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28, 428\u2013433. PubMed ID: 29140157 doi:10.1123\/ijsnem.2017-031210.1123\/ijsnem.2017-0312"},{"issue":"2","key":"r72","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E180","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020180","article-title":"Recent perspectives regarding the role of dietary protein for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise training","volume":"10","author":"Stokes, T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stokes, T., Hector, A.J., Morton, R.W., McGlory, C., & Phillips, S.M. (2018). Recent perspectives regarding the role of dietary protein for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise training. Nutrients, 10(2), E180. PubMed ID: 29414855 doi:10.3390\/nu1002018010.3390\/nu10020180"},{"issue":"6","key":"r82","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.6.2037","article-title":"Plasma leptin in female athletes: relationship with body fat, reproductive, nutritional, and endocrine factors","volume":"88","author":"Thong, F.S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thong, F.S., McLean, C., & Graham, T.E. (2000). Plasma leptin in female athletes: relationship with body fat, reproductive, nutritional, and endocrine factors. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(6), 2037\u20132044.10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.6.2037"},{"key":"r73","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096580","article-title":"Preparticipation predictors for championship injury and illness: Cohort study at the Beijing 2015 International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships","volume":"51","author":"Timpka, T.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Timpka, T., Jacobsson, J., Bargoria, V., Periard, J.D., Racinais, S., Ronsen, O., . . . Alonso, J.M. (2017). Preparticipation predictors for championship injury and illness: Cohort study at the Beijing 2015 International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51, 271\u2013276. PubMed ID: 27827793 doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-09658010.1136\/bjsports-2016-096580"},{"key":"r74","series-title":"American Journal of Physiology\u2014Endocrinology and Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E76","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00234.2002","article-title":"Acute response of net muscle protein balance reflects 24-h balance after exercise and amino acid ingestion","volume":"284","author":"Tipton, K.D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tipton, K.D., Borsheim, E., Wolf, S.E., Sanford, A.P., & Wolfe, R.R. (2003). Acute response of net muscle protein balance reflects 24-h balance after exercise and amino acid ingestion. American Journal of Physiology\u2014Endocrinology and Metabolism, 284, E76\u2013E89. PubMed ID: 12388164 doi:10.1152\/ajpendo.00234.200210.1152\/ajpendo.00234.2002"},{"key":"r75","series-title":"Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition Institute Workshop Series,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000350259","article-title":"Dietary protein for muscle hypertrophy","volume":"76","author":"Tipton, K.D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tipton, K.D., & Phillips, S.M. (2013). Dietary protein for muscle hypertrophy. Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 76, 73\u201384. PubMed ID: 30256501 doi:10.1159\/00035025910.1159\/000350259"},{"key":"r76","series-title":"The Anatomical Record,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23041","article-title":"Glycine improves biochemical and biomechanical properties following inflammation of the achilles tendon","volume":"298","author":"Vieira, C.P.","year":"2015a","unstructured":"Vieira, C.P., De Oliveira, L.P., Da Re Guerra, F., Dos Santos De Almeida, M., Marcondes, M.C., & Pimentel, E.R. (2015a). Glycine improves biochemical and biomechanical properties following inflammation of the achilles tendon. The Anatomical Record, 298, 538\u2013545. doi:10.1002\/ar.2304110.1002\/ar.23041"},{"key":"r77","series-title":"Connective Tissue Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2014.983270","article-title":"Green tea and glycine aid in the recovery of tendinitis of the Achilles tendon of rats","volume":"56","author":"Vieira, C.P.","year":"2015b","unstructured":"Vieira, C.P., Guerra Fda, R., de Oliveira, L.P., Almeida, M.S., Marcondes, M.C., & Pimentell, E.R. (2015b). Green tea and glycine aid in the recovery of tendinitis of the Achilles tendon of rats. Connective Tissue Research, 56, 50\u201358. doi:10.3109\/03008207.2014.98327010.3109\/03008207.2014.983270"},{"key":"r78","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2098","article-title":"Disuse impairs the muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion in healthy men","volume":"98","author":"Wall, B.T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wall, B.T., Snijders, T., Senden, J.M., Ottenbros, C.L., Gijsen, A.P., Verdijk, L.B., & van Loon, L.J. (2013). Disuse impairs the muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion in healthy men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98, 4872\u20134881. PubMed ID: 24108315 doi:10.1210\/jc.2013-209810.1210\/jc.2013-2098"},{"key":"r79","series-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198702010-00007","article-title":"Energy cost of three-point crutch ambulation in fracture patients","volume":"1","author":"Waters, R.L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Waters, R.L., Campbell, J., & Perry, J. (1987). Energy cost of three-point crutch ambulation in fracture patients. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 1, 170\u2013173. PubMed ID: 350659310.1097\/00005131-198702010-00007"},{"key":"r80","series-title":"International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.11.4.406","article-title":"Comparison of carbohydrate and milk-based beverages on muscle damage and glycogen following exercise","volume":"11","author":"Wojcik, J.R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wojcik, J.R., Walber-Rankin, J., Smith, L.L., & Gwazdauskas, F.C. (2001). Comparison of carbohydrate and milk-based beverages on muscle damage and glycogen following exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 11, 406\u2013419. PubMed ID: 1191577610.1123\/ijsnem.11.4.406"},{"key":"r81","series-title":"Bonekey Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2015.112","article-title":"The fracture mechanics of human bone: Influence of disease and treatment","volume":"4","author":"Zimmermann, E.A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zimmermann, E.A., Busse, B., & Ritchie, R.O. (2015). The fracture mechanics of human bone: Influence of disease and treatment. Bonekey Reports, 4, 743. PubMed ID: 26380080 doi:10.1038\/bonekey.2015.11210.1038\/bonekey.2015.112"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/29\/2\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/29\/2\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/29\/2\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T22:23:31Z","timestamp":1724279011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/29\/2\/article-p189.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.2018-0290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-484X","1543-2742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-484X","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}}}