{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T18:28:37Z","timestamp":1747852117776},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to identify the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum (CAF) on bicycle motocross (BMX) time-trial (TT) performance. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design, 14 male BMX riders (age\u2009=\u200920.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3\u00a0years; height\u2009=\u20091.78\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u00a0m; body mass\u2009=\u200972\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u00a0kg), consumed either (300\u00a0mg; 4.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0mg\/kg) caffeinated (300\u00a0mg caffeine, 6\u00a0g sugars) or a placebo (0\u00a0mg caffeine, 0\u00a0g sugars) gum, and undertook three BMX TTs. Repeated-measure analysis revealed that CAF has a large ergogenic effect on TT time, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1, 14)\u2009=\u200933.570, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001, <jats:inline-formula\/>; \u22121.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 compared with the placebo. Peak power and maximal power to weight ratio also increased significantly compared with the placebo condition, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1, 14)\u2009=\u200954.666, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001, <jats:inline-formula\/>; +3.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6, and <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1, 14)\u2009=\u200957.399, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001, <jats:inline-formula\/>; +3%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3, respectively. Rating of perceived exertion was significantly lower <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(1, 14)\u2009=\u200925.020, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001, <jats:inline-formula\/> in CAF (6.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3) compared with the placebo (7.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7). Administering a moderate dose (300\u00a0mg) of CAF could improve TT time by enhancing power and reducing the perception of exertion. BMX coaches and riders may consider consuming CAF before a BMX race to improve performance and reduce rating of perceived exertion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2020-0126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T05:53:17Z","timestamp":1600149197000},"page":"427-434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Caffeinated Chewing Gum Improves Bicycle Motocross Time-Trial Performance"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Amin","family":"Daneshfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid S.","family":"Koozehchian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacksonville State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Gahreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"The Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020883","article-title":"The effects of caffeine on intracellular calcium, force and the rate of relaxation of mouse skeletal muscle","volume":"487","author":"Allen, D.G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allen, D.G., & Westerblad, H. 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