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Exercise performance following sodium citrate supplementation was compared with placebo using statistical significance, percentage change, and effect size. Performance observations were categorized by exercise duration (very short\u2009&lt;\u200960\u00a0s, short\u2009\u2265\u200960 and\u2009\u2264\u2009420\u00a0s, and longer\u2009&gt;\u2009420\u00a0s) and intensity (very high\u2009&gt;\u2009100% VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max and high 90\u2013100% VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max). Ingestion of 500\u00a0mg\/kg BM sodium citrate induced blood alkalosis more frequently than\u2009&lt;\u2009500\u00a0mg\/kg BM, and with similar frequency to &gt;500\u00a0mg\/kg BM. The GI symptoms were minimized when a 500\u00a0mg\/kg BM dose was ingested in capsules rather than in solution. Significant improvements in performance following sodium citrate supplementation were reported in all observations of short-duration and very high\u2013intensity exercise with a 500\u00a0mg\/kg BM dose. However, the efficacy of supplementation for short-duration, high-intensity exercise is less clear, given that only 25% of observations reported significant improvements in performance following sodium citrate supplementation. Based on the current literature, the authors recommend ingestion of 500\u00a0mg\/kg BM sodium citrate in capsules to induce alkalosis and minimize GI symptoms. Supplementation was of most benefit to performance of short-duration exercise of very high intensity; further investigation is required to determine the importance of ingestion duration and timing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2020-0192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T15:25:39Z","timestamp":1610551539000},"page":"168-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Factors Influencing Blood Alkalosis and Other Physiological Responses, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Exercise Performance Following Sodium Citrate Supplementation: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Urwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Snow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Condo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhiannon","family":"Snipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glenn D.","family":"Wadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-014-3025-4","article-title":"Dietary sodium citrate supplementation does not improve upper-body anaerobic performance in trained wrestlers in simulated competition-day conditions","volume":"115","author":"Aedma, M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aedma, M., Timpmann, S., & \u00d6\u00f6pik, V. 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