{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:37:39Z","timestamp":1784025459823,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ingestion of quinine, a bitter tastant, improves short-term (30\u2009s) cycling performance, but it is unclear whether this effect can be integrated into the last effort of a longer race. The purpose of this study was to determine whether midtrial quinine ingestion improves 3,000-m cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Following three familiarization TTs, 12 well-trained male cyclists (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>: mass\u2009=\u200976.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.2\u00a0kg, maximal aerobic power\u2009=\u2009390\u2009\u00b1\u200950\u00a0W, maximal oxygen uptake\u2009=\u20094.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0L\/min) performed four experimental 3,000-m TTs on consecutive days. This double-blind, crossover design study had four randomized and counterbalanced conditions: (a)\u00a0Quinine 1 (25-ml solution, 2\u00a0mM of quinine); (b)\u00a0Quinine 2, replicate of Quinine 1; (c)\u00a0a 25-ml sweet-tasting no-carbohydrate solution (Placebo); and (d)\u00a025\u00a0ml of water (Control) consumed at the 1,850-m point of the TT. The participants completed a series of perceptual scales at the start and completion of all TTs, and the power output was monitored continuously throughout all trials. The power output for the last 1,000\u00a0m for all four conditions was similar: mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>: Quinine 1\u2009=\u2009360\u2009\u00b1\u200963\u00a0W, Quinine 2\u2009=\u2009367\u2009\u00b1\u200963\u00a0W, Placebo\u2009=\u2009364\u2009\u00b1\u200964\u00a0W, and Control\u2009=\u2009367\u2009\u00b1\u200958\u00a0W. There were also no differences in the 3,000-m TT power output between conditions. The small perceptual differences between trials at specific 150-m splits were not explained by quinine intake. Ingesting 2\u00a0mM of quinine during the last stage of a 3,000-m TT did not improve cycling performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2020-0265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T15:26:55Z","timestamp":1606836415000},"page":"9-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quinine Ingestion During the Latter Stages of a 3,000-m Time Trial Fails to Improve Cycling Performance"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Naroa","family":"Etxebarria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Sport"},{"name":"Australian Catholic University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concentra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Goecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Rattray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Sport"},{"name":"Australian Catholic University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"European Journal of Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02274-5","article-title":"Can taste be ergogenic?","author":"Best, R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Best, R., McDonald, K., Hurst, P., & Pickering, C. 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