{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T21:08:46Z","timestamp":1784754526204,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ketone ingestion can alter metabolism but effects on exercise performance are unclear, particularly with regard to the impact on intermittent-intensity exercise and team-sport performance. Nine professional male rugby union players each completed two trials in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Participants ingested either 90\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u00a0g carbohydrate (CHO; 9% solution) or an energy matched solution containing 20\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0g CHO (3% solution) and 590\u00a0mg\/kg body mass \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate monoester (CHO\u2009+\u2009BHB-ME) before and during a simulated rugby union-specific match-play protocol, including repeated high-intensity, sprint and power-based performance tests. Mean time to complete the sustained high-intensity performance tests was reduced by 0.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41\u00a0s (2.1%) with CHO\u2009+\u2009BHB-ME (15.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52\u00a0s) compared with CHO (15.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.80\u00a0s) placebo (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04). Mean time to complete the sprint and power-based performance tests were not different between trials. CHO\u2009+\u2009BHB-ME resulted in blood BHB concentrations that remained\u2009&gt;2\u00a0mmol\/L during exercise (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Serum lactate and glycerol concentrations were lower after CHO\u2009+\u2009BHB-ME than CHO (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Coingestion of a BHB-ME with CHO can alter fuel metabolism (attenuate circulating lactate and glycerol concentrations) and may improve high-intensity running performance during a simulated rugby match-play protocol, without improving shorter duration sprint and power-based efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2021-0346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T09:14:27Z","timestamp":1651223667000},"page":"334-341","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ketone Monoester Ingestion Alters Metabolism and Simulated Rugby Performance in Professional Players"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier T.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"},{"name":"UK Sport Council, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Drawer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Sport Council, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","series-title":"Physical Therapy Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1054\/ptsp.2001.0071","article-title":"Analysis of repeated measurements in physical therapy research","volume":"2","author":"Atkinson, G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Atkinson, G. 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