{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:30:59Z","timestamp":1790793059699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present randomized study investigated the effect of acute supplementation of 800\u00a0mg\/kg of ketone monoester ingestion (KE) or placebo (PL) and 210\u00a0mg\/kg of NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> co-ingestion on cycling performance of WorldTour cyclists during a road cycling stage simulation. Twenty-eight cyclists participated in the study (27.46\u2009\u00b1\u20094.32\u00a0years; 1.80\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06\u00a0m; 69.74\u2009\u00b1\u20096.36\u00a0kg). Performance, physiological, biochemical, and metabolism outcomes, gut discomfort, and effort perceived were assessed during a road cycling simulation composed of an 8-min time-trial (TT) performance\u2009+\u200930-s TT\u2009+\u20094.5\u00a0hr of outdoor cycling\u2009+\u2009a second 8-min TT\u2009+\u2009a second 30-s TT. Greater absolute and relative mean power during the first 8-min TT (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.067, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.033, <jats:inline-formula\/>, <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095.339, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.029, <jats:inline-formula\/>, respectively) was observed after KE than after PL (KE: 389\u2009\u00b1\u200934, PL: 378\u2009\u00b1\u200944\u00a0W, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.294 and KE: 5.60\u2009\u00b1\u20090.42, PL: 5.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44\u00a0W\/kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.442). Additionally, greater concentration of \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate blood concentration (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200942.195, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, <jats:inline-formula\/>) was observed after KE than after PL during the first steps of the stage (e.g.,\u00a0after warm-up KE: 1.223\u2009\u00b1\u20090.642, PL: 0.044\u2009\u00b1\u20090.058\u00a0mM, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.589), although the concentrations returned to near baseline after 4.5\u00a0hr of outdoor cycling. Moreover, higher values of anion gap were observed (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.333, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.026, <jats:inline-formula\/>) after KE than after PL ingestion, after the warm-up and after the first 8-min and 30-s TT. Additionally, lower concentrations of <jats:inline-formula\/> were reported in the KE condition after warm-up and after the first 8-min and 30-s TT. During the initial phase of the stage simulation, acute supplementation with KE\u2009+\u2009NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> co-ingestion enhanced 8-min TT cycling performance (3.1%) in WorldTour cyclists with a concomitant hyperketonaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2023-0078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T16:48:21Z","timestamp":1695746901000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Ketone Monoester and Bicarbonate Co-Ingestion on Cycling Performance in WorldTour Cyclists"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-4244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Domingo Jes\u00fas","family":"Ramos-Campo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"L\u00f3pez-Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2027-9075","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"P\u00e9rez-Pi\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Ortolano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Salud","family":"Abell\u00e1n-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Molina P\u00e9rez de los Cobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Jes\u00fas","family":"Luque-Rubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Van Elslande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine, Waregem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"\u00c1vila-Gand\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Cat\u00f3lica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"r1","series-title":"Nutrients,","article-title":"One-week high-dose \u03b2-alanine loading improves world tour cyclists\u2019 time-trial performance","volume":"13","author":"\u00c1vila-Gand\u00eda, V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c1vila-Gand\u00eda, V., Torregrosa-Garc\u00eda, A., P\u00e9rez-Pi\u00f1ero, S., Ortolano, R., Abell\u00e1n-Ruiz, M.S., & L\u00f3pez-Rom\u00e1n, F.J. 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