{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:38:38Z","timestamp":1789537118088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n \n Background<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Time-restricted eating (TRE), a subtype of intermittent fasting, has gained significant popularity in recent years. This dietary approach, when combined with resistance training (RT), has demonstrated potential benefits for body composition and physiological parameters.\n \n Objective<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n This study aimed to investigate the effects of TRE and high-protein consumption on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue, leptin, and ghrelin levels in young women with overweight engaged in RT.\n \n Methods<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Thirty-two women with overweight (body mass index 25\u201330\u00a0kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), aged 18\u201330\u00a0years, were randomly assigned to four groups: TRE with high protein (THP), TRE with regular protein, high protein only (HP), and regular protein only. All participants underwent RT and adhered to a 25% calorie-restricted diet. The high-protein groups received 1.6\u00a0g\u00b7kg\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n \u00b7day\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n of protein. Body composition, blood biomarkers, and muscle functions were assessed.\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n Significant reductions in VAT (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) were observed across all groups, with the THP group exhibiting the greatest decrease in VAT (\u0394 \u2009=\u2009\u2212146.98\u2009\u00b1\u200912.66,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22121.867). Leptin levels also showed a significant decrease in all groups (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). However, significant differences in leptin reduction were detected only between THP versus regular protein only (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.045) and TRE with regular protein versus regular protein only (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.034) groups. Plasma ghrelin levels remained unchanged across all groups. Notably, the high-protein groups (THP and high protein only) demonstrated a significant increase in fat-free mass (\u0394\n THP<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20091.06\u2009\u00b1\u20091.75, \u0394\n HP<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20092.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64)\n \n .\n Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n :\n <\/jats:italic>\n An 8-week program combining TRE, high-protein intake, and RT effectively reduced VAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and leptin levels while preserving muscle mass in women with overweight. This intervention did not significantly alter plasma ghrelin levels.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T17:16:46Z","timestamp":1754932606000},"page":"493-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High-Protein Time-Restricted Eating Alongside Resistance Training Reduces Adipose Tissue While Preserving Fat-Free Mass in Women With Overweight: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1501-3608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Bagherpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1594-6515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid","family":"Arazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3276-1598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hamid","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-3871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bill I.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"r1","series-title":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12693","article-title":"Stress and obesity: The Ghrelin connection","volume":"31","author":"Abizaid, A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abizaid, A. (2019). Stress and obesity: The Ghrelin connection. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 31(7), Article 12693. 10.1111\/jne.12693"},{"issue":"23","key":"r2","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235022","article-title":"Does timing matter? A narrative review of intermittent fasting variants and their effects on bodyweight and body composition","volume":"14","author":"Aragon, A.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aragon, A.A., & Schoenfeld, B.J. (2022). Does timing matter? A narrative review of intermittent fasting variants and their effects on bodyweight and body composition. Nutrients, 14(23), Article 5022. 10.3390\/nu14235022"},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00152.2014","article-title":"Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: The PRISE study","volume":"117","author":"Arciero, P.J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arciero, P.J., Baur, D., Connelly, S., & Ormsbee, M.J. (2014). Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: The PRISE study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 117, Article 152. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00152.2014"},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23660","article-title":"Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss","volume":"31","author":"Arciero, P.J.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arciero, P.J., Poe, M., Mohr, A.E., Ives, S.J., Arciero, A., Sweazea, K.L., Gumpricht, E., &Arciero, K.M. (2023). Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss. Obesity, 31, 139\u2013149. 10.1002\/oby.23660"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"Obesity Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13531","article-title":"Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"24","author":"Aukan, M.I.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aukan, M.I., Coutinho, S., Pedersen, S.A., Simpson, M.R., & Martins, C. (2023). Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Obesity Reviews, 24(2), Article 13531. 10.1111\/obr.13531"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94916-9","article-title":"Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: A randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Bel Lassen, P.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bel Lassen, P., Belda, E., Prifti, E., Dao, M.C., Specque, F., Henegar, C., Rinaldi, L., Wang, X., Kennedy, S.P., Zucker, J.D., Calame, W., Lamarche, B., Claus, S.P., & Cl\u00e9ment, K. (2021). Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: A randomized trial. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 15620. 10.1038\/s41598-021-94916-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"r7","series-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1993.10606684","article-title":"Strength testing\u2014predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue","volume":"64","author":"Brzycki, M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brzycki, M. (1993). Strength testing\u2014predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 64(1), 88\u201390. 10.1080\/07303084.1993.10606684"},{"issue":"5","key":"r8","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817bd45d","article-title":"Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men","volume":"22","author":"Cadore, E.L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cadore, E.L., Lhullier, F.L.R., Brentano, M.A., da Silva, E.M., Ambrosini, M.B., Spinelli, R., Silva, R.F., & Kruel, L.F.M. (2008). Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1617\u20131624. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817bd45d"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1079250","article-title":"Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chen, W.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, W., Liu, X., Bao, L., Yang, P., & Zhou, H. (2023). Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, Article 1079250. 10.3389\/fnut.2023.1079250"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"Endocrinology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa204","article-title":"The importance of leptin to reproduction","volume":"162","author":"Childs, G.V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Childs, G.V., Odle, A.K., MacNicol, M.C., & MacNicol, A.M. (2021). The importance of leptin to reproduction. Endocrinology, 162(2), Article 204. 10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa204"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge."},{"issue":"2","key":"r12","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020285","article-title":"Effect of time-restricted eating and resistance training on high-speed strength and body composition","volume":"15","author":"Correia, J.M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Correia, J.M., Santos, P.D., Pezarat-Correia, P., Minderico, C.S., Infante, J., & Mendonca, G.V. (2023). Effect of time-restricted eating and resistance training on high-speed strength and body composition. Nutrients, 15(2), Article 285. 10.3390\/nu15020285"},{"issue":"26","key":"r13","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136","article-title":"Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease","volume":"381","author":"De Cabo, R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Cabo, R., & Mattson, M.P. (2019). Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), 2541\u20132551. 10.1056\/NEJMra1905136"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Structure and physiological actions of Ghrelin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/518909","author":"Delporte, C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delporte, C. (2013). Structure and physiological actions of Ghrelin. Scientifica. 10.1155\/2013\/518909"},{"issue":"5","key":"r63","series-title":"International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity,","first-page":"393","article-title":"Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in human: The Minnesota Experiment revisited","volume":"20","author":"Dulloo, A.G.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dulloo, A.G., Jacquet, J., & Girardier, L. (1996). Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in human: The Minnesota Experiment revisited. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 20(5), 393\u2013405."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23568","article-title":"A Meta\u2010Analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5: 2 diet, and time\u2010restricted eating for weight loss","volume":"31","author":"Elortegui Pascual, P.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elortegui Pascual, P., Rolands, M.R., Eldridge, A.L., Kassis, A., Mainardi, F., L\u00ea, K.A., Karagounis, L.G., Gut, P., & Varady, K.A. (2023). A Meta\u2010Analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5: 2 diet, and time\u2010restricted eating for weight loss. Obesity, 31, 9\u201321. 10.1002\/oby.23568"},{"issue":"5","key":"r64","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1820","article-title":"Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment","volume":"88","author":"Friedl, K.E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedl, K.E., Moore, R.J., Hoyt, R.W., Marchitelli, L.J., Martinez-Lopez, L.E., & Askew, E.W. (2000). Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(5), 1820\u20131830. 10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1820"},{"issue":"12","key":"r16","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91578","article-title":"The long road to leptin","volume":"126","author":"Friedman, J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Friedman, J. (2016). The long road to leptin. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126(12), 4727\u20134734. 10.1172\/JCI91578"},{"issue":"6","key":"r17","series-title":"The Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280542","article-title":"Current research: Effect of time restricted eating on weight and cardiometabolic health","volume":"600","author":"Gabel, K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gabel, K., & Varady, K.A. (2022). Current research: Effect of time restricted eating on weight and cardiometabolic health. The Journal of Physiology, 600(6), 1313\u20131326. 10.1113\/JP280542"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","series-title":"Current Obesity Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-00340-6","article-title":"Issues in measuring and interpreting human appetite (satiety\/satiation) and its contribution to obesity","volume":"8","author":"Gibbons, C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gibbons, C., Hopkins, M., Beaulieu, K., Oustric, P., & Blundell, J.E. (2019). Issues in measuring and interpreting human appetite (satiety\/satiation) and its contribution to obesity. Current Obesity Reports, 8(2), 77\u201387. 10.1007\/s13679-019-00340-6"},{"issue":"10","key":"r19","series-title":"Cell Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.003","article-title":"Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight\/obesity: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Haganes, K.L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haganes, K.L., Silva, C.P., Eyjolfsdottir, S.K., Steen, S., Grindberg, M., Lydersen, S., Hawley, J.A., & Moholdt, T. (2022). Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight\/obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Cell Metabolism, 34(10), 1457\u20131471.e4. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.003"},{"issue":"10","key":"r20","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002019","article-title":"The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"124","author":"Haghighat, N.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haghighat, N., Ashtary-Larky, D., Bagheri, R., Mahmoodi, M., Rajaei, M., Alipour, M., Kooti, W., Aghamohammdi, V., & Wong, A. (2020). The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 124(10), 1044\u20131051. 10.1017\/S0007114520002019"},{"issue":"10","key":"r21","series-title":"Cell Reports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100777","article-title":"Time-restricted eating with or without low-carbohydrate diet reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial","volume":"3","author":"He, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, M., Wang, J., Liang, Q., Li, M., Guo, H., Wang, Y., Deji, C., Sui, J., Wang, Y.W., Liu, Y.,Zheng, Y., Qian, B., Chen, H., Ma, M., Su, S., Geng, H., Zhou, W.X., Guo, X., Zhu, W.Z., Zhang, M., Chen, Z., Rensen, P.C.N., Hui, C.C., Wang, Y., & Shi, B. (2022). Time-restricted eating with or without low-carbohydrate diet reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. Cell Reports Medicine, 3(10), Article 777. 10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100777"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12148","article-title":"Interactive effects of an isocaloric high-protein diet and resistance exercise on body composition, ghrelin, and metabolic and hormonal parameters in untrained young men: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Kim, H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, H., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Jeong, D., Lee, J., Yi, Y.H., Cho, Y.H., Choi, E.J., & Kim, H. (2013). Interactive effects of an isocaloric high-protein diet and resistance exercise on body composition, ghrelin, and metabolic and hormonal parameters in untrained young men: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 5(2), 242\u2013247. 10.1111\/jdi.12148"},{"issue":"4","key":"r23","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.034","article-title":"The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Kord, H.V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kord, H.V., Tinsley, G.M., Santos, H.O., Zand, H., Nazary, A., Fatahi, S., Mokhtari, Z., Salehi-Sahlabadi, A., Tan, S.C., Rahmani, J., Gaman, M.A., Sathian, B., Sadeghi, A., Hatami, B., Soltanieh, S., Aghamiri, S., Bawadi, H., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2021). The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition, 40(4), 1811\u20131821. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.034"},{"issue":"6","key":"r24","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084038","article-title":"The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance","volume":"101","author":"Leidy, H.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leidy, H.J., Clifton, P.M., Astrup, A., Wycherley, T.P., Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., Luscombe-Marsh, N.D., Woods, S.C., & Mattes, R.D. (2015). The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101(6), 1320S\u20131329S. 10.3945\/ajcn.114.084038"},{"issue":"1","key":"r25","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa693","article-title":"The plasma metabolomic profile is differently associated with liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, and pancreatic fat","volume":"106","author":"Lind, L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lind, L., Salihovic, S., Ris\u00e9rus, U., Kullberg, J., Johansson, L., Ahlstr\u00f6m, H., Eriksson, J.W., & Oscarsson, J. (2021). The plasma metabolomic profile is differently associated with liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, and pancreatic fat. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(1), e118\u2013e129. 10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa693"},{"issue":"10","key":"r26","series-title":"Cell Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.018","article-title":"Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The healthy heroes randomized control trial","volume":"34","author":"Manoogian, E.N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manoogian, E.N., Zadourian, A., Lo, H.C., Gutierrez, N.R., Shoghi, A., Rosander, A., Pazargadi, A., Ormiston, C.K., Wang, X., Sui, J., Hou, Z., Fleischer, J.G., Golshan, S., Taub, P.R., & Panda, S. (2022). Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The healthy heroes randomized control trial. Cell Metabolism, 34(10), 1442\u20131456.e7. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.018"},{"issue":"5","key":"r28","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817b02ad","article-title":"Accuracy of prediction equations for determining one repetition maximum bench press in women before and after resistance training","volume":"22","author":"Mayhew, J.L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mayhew, J.L., Johnson, B.D., LaMonte, M.J., Lauber, D., & Kemmler, W. (2008). Accuracy of prediction equations for determining one repetition maximum bench press in women before and after resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1570\u20131577. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817b02ad"},{"issue":"2","key":"r29","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.2.241","article-title":"A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals","volume":"51","author":"Mifflin, M.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mifflin, M.D., St Jeor, S.T., Hill, L.A., Scott, B.J., Daugherty, S.A., & Koh, Y.O. (1990). A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51(2), 241\u2013247. 10.1093\/ajcn\/51.2.241"},{"issue":"5","key":"r30","series-title":"Renal Failure,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1033634","article-title":"Effects of resistance exercise training on acyl-ghrelin and obestatin levels in hemodialysis patients","volume":"37","author":"Moraes, C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moraes, C., Marinho, S., Lobo, J.C., Stockler-Pinto, M.B., Barros, A.F., Jacobson, L.V., da Nobrega, A.C., Rosa, M.L., & Denise, M. (2015). Effects of resistance exercise training on acyl-ghrelin and obestatin levels in hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure, 37(5), 851\u2013857. 10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1033634"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31","series-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-1044-0","article-title":"Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16\/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males","volume":"14","author":"Moro, T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moro, T., Tinsley, G., Bianco, A., Marcolin, G., Pacelli, Q.F., Battaglia, G., Palma, A., Gentil, P., Neri, M., & Paoli, A. (2016). Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16\/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. Journal of Translational Medicine, 14(1), Article 290. 10.1186\/s12967-016-1044-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"r32","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults","volume":"52","author":"Morton, R.W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morton, R.W., Murphy, K.T., McKellar, S.R., Schoenfeld, B.J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., Aragon, A.A., Devries, M.C., Banfield, L., Krieger, J.W., & Phillips, S.M. (2018). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(6), 376\u2013384. 10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608"},{"issue":"6","key":"r33","series-title":"Molecular Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.005","article-title":"Ghrelin","volume":"4","author":"M\u00fcller, T.D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, T.D., Nogueiras, R., Andermann, M.L., Andrews, Z.B., Anker, S.D., Argente, J., Batterham, R.L., Benoit, S.C., Bowers, C.Y., Broglio, F., Casanueva, F.F., D\u2019Alessio, D., Depoortere, I., Geliebter, A., Ghigo, E., Cole, P.A., Cowley, M., Cummings, D.E., Dagher, A., Diano, S., & Tschop, M.H. (2015). Ghrelin. Molecular Metabolism, 4(6), 437\u2013460. 10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","series-title":"Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.09.010","article-title":"Structure, production and signaling of leptin","volume":"64","author":"M\u00fcnzberg, H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00fcnzberg, H., & Morrison, C.D. (2015). Structure, production and signaling of leptin. Metabolism, 64(1), 13\u201323. 10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.09.010"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"Nutrient timing: Pre and post-workout questions answered","author":"Murphy, L.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murphy, L. (2017). Nutrient timing: Pre and post-workout questions answered. NASM."},{"issue":"2","key":"r36","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181660003","article-title":"Comparison of responses to strenuous eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors between resistance-trained and untrained men","volume":"22","author":"Newton, M.J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Newton, M.J., Morgan, G.T., Sacco, P., Chapman, D.W., & Nosaka, K. (2008). Comparison of responses to strenuous eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors between resistance-trained and untrained men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(2), 597\u2013607. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181660003"},{"issue":"2","key":"r37","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01937-7","article-title":"Maximal number of repetitions at percentages of the one repetition maximum: A meta-regression and moderator analysis of sex, age, training status, and exercise","volume":"54","author":"Nuzzo, J.L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nuzzo, J.L., Pinto, M.D., Nosaka, K., & Steele, J. (2024). Maximal number of repetitions at percentages of the one repetition maximum: A meta-regression and moderator analysis of sex, age, training status, and exercise. Sports Medicine, 54(2), 303\u2013321. 10.1007\/s40279-023-01937-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"r38","series-title":"Advances in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa168","article-title":"Perspective: Time-restricted eating compared with caloric restriction: Potential facilitators and barriers of long-term weight loss maintenance","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Connor, S.G.","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, S.G., Boyd, P., Bailey, C.P., Shams-White, M.M., Agurs-Collins, T., Hall, K., Reedy, J., Sauter, E.R., & Czajkowski, S.M. (2021). Perspective: Time-restricted eating compared with caloric restriction: Potential facilitators and barriers of long-term weight loss maintenance. Advances in Nutrition, 12(2), 325\u2013333. 10.1093\/advances\/nmaa168"},{"issue":"1","key":"r39","series-title":"Annual Review of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064634","article-title":"Metabolic effects of intermittent fasting","volume":"37","author":"Patterson, R.E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patterson, R.E., & Sears, D.D. (2017). Metabolic effects of intermittent fasting. Annual Review of Nutrition, 37(1), 371\u2013393. 10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064634"},{"issue":"1","key":"r40","series-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09524-w","article-title":"Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Pellegrini, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellegrini, M., Cioffi, I., Evangelista, A., Ponzo, V., Goitre, I., Ciccone, G., Ghigo, E., & Bo, S. (2020). Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 21(1), 17\u201333. 10.1007\/s11154-019-09524-w"},{"key":"r41","series-title":"Hormones and Behavior,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2021.105006","article-title":"Central and peripheral leptin resistance in obesity and improvements of exercise","volume":"133","author":"Peng, J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng, J., Yin, L., & Wang, X. (2021). Central and peripheral leptin resistance in obesity and improvements of exercise. Hormones and Behavior, 133, Article 105006. 10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2021.105006"},{"key":"r42","series-title":"Nutrition & Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-11-53","article-title":"A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: Mechanisms and possible caveats","volume":"11","author":"Pesta, D.H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pesta, D.H., & Samuel, V.T. (2014). A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: Mechanisms and possible caveats. Nutrition & Metabolism, 11, Article 53. 10.1186\/1743-7075-11-53"},{"issue":"1","key":"r43","series-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09687-5","article-title":"Leptin as a key regulator of the adipose organ","volume":"23","author":"Pic\u00f3, C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pic\u00f3, C., Palou, M., Pomar, C.A., Rodr\u00edguez, A.M., & Palou, A. (2022). Leptin as a key regulator of the adipose organ. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 23(1), 13\u201330. 10.1007\/s11154-021-09687-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"r44","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22518","article-title":"Early time\u2010restricted feeding reduces appetite and increases fat oxidation but does not affect energy expenditure in humans","volume":"27","author":"Ravussin, E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ravussin, E., Beyl, R.A., Poggiogalle, E., Hsia, D.S., & Peterson, C.M. (2019). Early time\u2010restricted feeding reduces appetite and increases fat oxidation but does not affect energy expenditure in humans. Obesity, 27(8), 1244\u20131254. 10.1002\/oby.22518"},{"issue":"12","key":"r45","series-title":"The FEBS Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15863","article-title":"AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function","volume":"288","author":"Rodr\u00edguez, C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, C., Mu\u00f1oz, M., Contreras, C., & Prieto, D. (2021). AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function. The FEBS Journal, 288(12), 3746\u20133771. 10.1111\/febs.15863"},{"issue":"4","key":"r46","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040891","article-title":"Negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet: Effects on visceral adipose tissue and liver fat","volume":"12","author":"Ross, R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ross, R., Soni, S., & Houle, S. (2020). Negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet: Effects on visceral adipose tissue and liver fat. Nutrients, 12(4), Article 891. 10.3390\/nu12040891"},{"issue":"1","key":"r47","series-title":"Sport Sciences for Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-021-00781-4","article-title":"Appetite regulating hormones and body composition responses to resistance training and detraining in men with obesity: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Rostamzadeh, N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rostamzadeh, N., & Sheikholeslami-Vatani, D. (2022). Appetite regulating hormones and body composition responses to resistance training and detraining in men with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Sport Sciences for Health, 18(1), 115\u2013123. 10.1007\/s11332-021-00781-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"r48","series-title":"Nature Communications,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: Implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Sartori, R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartori, R., Romanello, V., & Sandri, M. (2021). Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: Implications in health and disease. Nature Communications, 12(1), Article 330. 10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"r49","series-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.72352","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Schulz, K.F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 1(2), 100\u2013107. 10.4103\/0976-500X.72352"},{"key":"r50","series-title":"Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning,","first-page":"439","article-title":"Program design for resistance training","volume":"4","author":"Sheppard, J.M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheppard, J.M., & Triplett, N.T. (2016). Program design for resistance training. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4, 439\u2013470."},{"key":"r51","series-title":"The British Journal of Radiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/38447238","article-title":"The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: A critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis","volume":"85","author":"Shuster, A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shuster, A., Patlas, M., Pinthus, J., & Mourtzakis, M. (2012). The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: A critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. The British Journal of Radiology, 85, Article 1009. 10.1259\/bjr\/38447238"},{"issue":"4","key":"r52","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041126","article-title":"Four weeks of time-restricted feeding combined with resistance training does not differentially influence measures of body composition, muscle performance, resting energy expenditure, and blood biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Stratton, M.T.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stratton, M.T., Tinsley, G.M., Alesi, M.G., Hester, G.M., Olmos, A.A., Serafini, P.R., Modjeski, A.S., Mangine, G.T., King, K., Savage, S.N., Webb, A.T., VanDusseldorp, T.A. (2020). Four weeks of time-restricted feeding combined with resistance training does not differentially influence measures of body composition, muscle performance, resting energy expenditure, and blood biomarkers. Nutrients, 12(4), Article 1126. 10.3390\/nu12041126"},{"issue":"6","key":"r53","series-title":"Cell Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.010","article-title":"Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes","volume":"27","author":"Sutton, E.F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sutton, E.F., Beyl, R., Early, K.S., Cefalu, W.T., Ravussin, E., & Peterson, C.M. (2018). Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes. Cell Metabolism, 27(6), 1212\u20131221.e3. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"r54","series-title":"International Journal of Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0393-1","article-title":"Age-and sex-specific reference intervals for visceral fat mass in adults","volume":"44","author":"Swainson, M.G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swainson, M.G., Batterham, A.M., & Hind, K. (2020). Age-and sex-specific reference intervals for visceral fat mass in adults. International Journal of Obesity, 44(2), 289\u2013296. 10.1038\/s41366-019-0393-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"r55","series-title":"Sports Medicine-Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00508-w","article-title":"Synergistic effect of increased total protein intake and strength training on muscle strength: A dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Tagawa, R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tagawa, R., Watanabe, D., Ito, K., Otsuyama, T., Nakayama, K., Sanbongi, C., & Miyachi, M. (2022). Synergistic effect of increased total protein intake and strength training on muscle strength: A dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine-Open, 8(1), Article 110. 10.1186\/s40798-022-00508-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"r56","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1223173","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Tinsley, G.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tinsley, G.M., Forsse, J.S., Butler, N.K., Paoli, A., Bane, A.A., La Bounty, P.M., Morgan, G.B., & Grandjean, P.W. (2017). Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(2), 200\u2013207. 10.1080\/17461391.2016.1223173"},{"issue":"3","key":"r57","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz126","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: A randomized trial","volume":"110","author":"Tinsley, G.M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tinsley, G.M., Moore, M.L., Graybeal, A.J., Paoli, A., Kim, Y., Gonzales, J.U., Harry, J.R., VanDusseldorp, T.A., Kennedy, D.N., & Cruz, M.R. (2019). Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: A randomized trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 110(3), 628\u2013640. 10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz126"},{"issue":"1","key":"r58","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009","article-title":"The effects of time-restricted eating vs habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Turner, L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turner, L., Charrouf, R., Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno, V., Hutchison, A., Heilbronn, L.K., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez, R. (2023). The effects of time-restricted eating vs habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: A systematic review with meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119(1), 206\u2013220. 10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"r59","series-title":"Nutrition & Metabolism,","article-title":"Beneficial effect of time-restricted eating on blood pressure: A systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wang, W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, W., Wei, R., Pan, Q., & Guo, L. (2022). Beneficial effect of time-restricted eating on blood pressure: A systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Nutrition & Metabolism, 19(1), Article 711. https:\/\/doi:10.1186\/s12986-022-00711-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"r60","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab111","article-title":"Effect of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, on intermuscular and visceral fat and physical and metabolic function in older adults with obesity while dieting","volume":"77","author":"Waters, D.L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waters, D.L., Aguirre, L., Gurney, B., Sinacore, D.R., Fowler, K., Gregori, G., Armamento-Villareal, R., Qualls, C., & Villareal, D.T. (2022). Effect of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, on intermuscular and visceral fat and physical and metabolic function in older adults with obesity while dieting. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 77(1), 131\u2013139. 10.1093\/gerona\/glab111"},{"issue":"6","key":"r61","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.044321","article-title":"Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"96","author":"Wycherley, T.P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wycherley, T.P., Moran, L.J., Clifton, P.M., Noakes, M., & Brinkworth, G.D. (2012). Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(6), 1281\u20131298. 10.3945\/ajcn.112.044321"},{"key":"r62","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23499","article-title":"Time\u2013restricted eating alters the 24\u2010hour profile of adipose tissue transcriptome in men with obesity","volume":"31","author":"Zhao, L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Hutchison, A.T., Liu, B., Wittert, G.A., Thompson, C.H., Nguyen, L., Au, J., Vincent, A., Manoogian, E.N.C., Le, H.D., Williams, A.E., Banks, S., Panda, S., Heilbronn, L.K. (2023). Time\u2013restricted eating alters the 24\u2010hour profile of adipose tissue transcriptome in men with obesity. Obesity, 31, 63\u201374. 10.1002\/oby.23499"},{"issue":"7","key":"r1","series-title":"Journal of Neuroendocrinology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12693","article-title":"Stress and obesity: The Ghrelin connection","volume":"31","author":"Abizaid, A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abizaid, A. (2019). Stress and obesity: The Ghrelin connection. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 31(7), Article 12693. 10.1111\/jne.12693"},{"issue":"23","key":"r2","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235022","article-title":"Does timing matter? A narrative review of intermittent fasting variants and their effects on bodyweight and body composition","volume":"14","author":"Aragon, A.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aragon, A.A., & Schoenfeld, B.J. (2022). Does timing matter? A narrative review of intermittent fasting variants and their effects on bodyweight and body composition. Nutrients, 14(23), Article 5022. 10.3390\/nu14235022"},{"key":"r3","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00152.2014","article-title":"Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: The PRISE study","volume":"117","author":"Arciero, P.J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arciero, P.J., Baur, D., Connelly, S., & Ormsbee, M.J. (2014). Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: The PRISE study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 117, Article 152. 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00152.2014"},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23660","article-title":"Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss","volume":"31","author":"Arciero, P.J.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arciero, P.J., Poe, M., Mohr, A.E., Ives, S.J., Arciero, A., Sweazea, K.L., Gumpricht, E., &Arciero, K.M. (2023). Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss. Obesity, 31, 139\u2013149. 10.1002\/oby.23660"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"Obesity Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13531","article-title":"Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"24","author":"Aukan, M.I.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aukan, M.I., Coutinho, S., Pedersen, S.A., Simpson, M.R., & Martins, C. (2023). Differences in gastrointestinal hormones and appetite ratings between individuals with and without obesity\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Obesity Reviews, 24(2), Article 13531. 10.1111\/obr.13531"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94916-9","article-title":"Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: A randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Bel Lassen, P.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bel Lassen, P., Belda, E., Prifti, E., Dao, M.C., Specque, F., Henegar, C., Rinaldi, L., Wang, X., Kennedy, S.P., Zucker, J.D., Calame, W., Lamarche, B., Claus, S.P., & Cl\u00e9ment, K. (2021). Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: A randomized trial. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 15620. 10.1038\/s41598-021-94916-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"r7","series-title":"Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.1993.10606684","article-title":"Strength testing\u2014predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue","volume":"64","author":"Brzycki, M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brzycki, M. (1993). Strength testing\u2014predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 64(1), 88\u201390. 10.1080\/07303084.1993.10606684"},{"issue":"5","key":"r8","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817bd45d","article-title":"Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men","volume":"22","author":"Cadore, E.L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cadore, E.L., Lhullier, F.L.R., Brentano, M.A., da Silva, E.M., Ambrosini, M.B., Spinelli, R., Silva, R.F., & Kruel, L.F.M. (2008). Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1617\u20131624. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817bd45d"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1079250","article-title":"Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chen, W.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, W., Liu, X., Bao, L., Yang, P., & Zhou, H. (2023). Health effects of the time-restricted eating in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, Article 1079250. 10.3389\/fnut.2023.1079250"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"Endocrinology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa204","article-title":"The importance of leptin to reproduction","volume":"162","author":"Childs, G.V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Childs, G.V., Odle, A.K., MacNicol, M.C., & MacNicol, A.M. (2021). The importance of leptin to reproduction. Endocrinology, 162(2), Article 204. 10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa204"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge."},{"issue":"2","key":"r12","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15020285","article-title":"Effect of time-restricted eating and resistance training on high-speed strength and body composition","volume":"15","author":"Correia, J.M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Correia, J.M., Santos, P.D., Pezarat-Correia, P., Minderico, C.S., Infante, J., & Mendonca, G.V. (2023). Effect of time-restricted eating and resistance training on high-speed strength and body composition. Nutrients, 15(2), Article 285. 10.3390\/nu15020285"},{"issue":"26","key":"r13","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136","article-title":"Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease","volume":"381","author":"De Cabo, R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Cabo, R., & Mattson, M.P. (2019). Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(26), 2541\u20132551. 10.1056\/NEJMra1905136"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Structure and physiological actions of Ghrelin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/518909","author":"Delporte, C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delporte, C. (2013). Structure and physiological actions of Ghrelin. Scientifica. 10.1155\/2013\/518909"},{"issue":"5","key":"r63","series-title":"International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity,","first-page":"393","article-title":"Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in human: The Minnesota Experiment revisited","volume":"20","author":"Dulloo, A.G.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dulloo, A.G., Jacquet, J., & Girardier, L. (1996). Autoregulation of body composition during weight recovery in human: The Minnesota Experiment revisited. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 20(5), 393\u2013405."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23568","article-title":"A Meta\u2010Analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5: 2 diet, and time\u2010restricted eating for weight loss","volume":"31","author":"Elortegui Pascual, P.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elortegui Pascual, P., Rolands, M.R., Eldridge, A.L., Kassis, A., Mainardi, F., L\u00ea, K.A., Karagounis, L.G., Gut, P., & Varady, K.A. (2023). A Meta\u2010Analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5: 2 diet, and time\u2010restricted eating for weight loss. Obesity, 31, 9\u201321. 10.1002\/oby.23568"},{"issue":"5","key":"r64","series-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1820","article-title":"Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment","volume":"88","author":"Friedl, K.E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedl, K.E., Moore, R.J., Hoyt, R.W., Marchitelli, L.J., Martinez-Lopez, L.E., & Askew, E.W. (2000). Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(5), 1820\u20131830. 10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1820"},{"issue":"12","key":"r16","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91578","article-title":"The long road to leptin","volume":"126","author":"Friedman, J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Friedman, J. (2016). The long road to leptin. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126(12), 4727\u20134734. 10.1172\/JCI91578"},{"issue":"6","key":"r17","series-title":"The Journal of Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280542","article-title":"Current research: Effect of time restricted eating on weight and cardiometabolic health","volume":"600","author":"Gabel, K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gabel, K., & Varady, K.A. (2022). Current research: Effect of time restricted eating on weight and cardiometabolic health. The Journal of Physiology, 600(6), 1313\u20131326. 10.1113\/JP280542"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","series-title":"Current Obesity Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-019-00340-6","article-title":"Issues in measuring and interpreting human appetite (satiety\/satiation) and its contribution to obesity","volume":"8","author":"Gibbons, C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gibbons, C., Hopkins, M., Beaulieu, K., Oustric, P., & Blundell, J.E. (2019). Issues in measuring and interpreting human appetite (satiety\/satiation) and its contribution to obesity. Current Obesity Reports, 8(2), 77\u201387. 10.1007\/s13679-019-00340-6"},{"issue":"10","key":"r19","series-title":"Cell Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.003","article-title":"Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight\/obesity: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Haganes, K.L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haganes, K.L., Silva, C.P., Eyjolfsdottir, S.K., Steen, S., Grindberg, M., Lydersen, S., Hawley, J.A., & Moholdt, T. (2022). Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight\/obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Cell Metabolism, 34(10), 1457\u20131471.e4. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.003"},{"issue":"10","key":"r20","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520002019","article-title":"The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"124","author":"Haghighat, N.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haghighat, N., Ashtary-Larky, D., Bagheri, R., Mahmoodi, M., Rajaei, M., Alipour, M., Kooti, W., Aghamohammdi, V., & Wong, A. (2020). The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 124(10), 1044\u20131051. 10.1017\/S0007114520002019"},{"issue":"10","key":"r21","series-title":"Cell Reports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100777","article-title":"Time-restricted eating with or without low-carbohydrate diet reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial","volume":"3","author":"He, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, M., Wang, J., Liang, Q., Li, M., Guo, H., Wang, Y., Deji, C., Sui, J., Wang, Y.W., Liu, Y.,Zheng, Y., Qian, B., Chen, H., Ma, M., Su, S., Geng, H., Zhou, W.X., Guo, X., Zhu, W.Z., Zhang, M., Chen, Z., Rensen, P.C.N., Hui, C.C., Wang, Y., & Shi, B. (2022). Time-restricted eating with or without low-carbohydrate diet reduces visceral fat and improves metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial. Cell Reports Medicine, 3(10), Article 777. 10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100777"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12148","article-title":"Interactive effects of an isocaloric high-protein diet and resistance exercise on body composition, ghrelin, and metabolic and hormonal parameters in untrained young men: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Kim, H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, H., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Jeong, D., Lee, J., Yi, Y.H., Cho, Y.H., Choi, E.J., & Kim, H. (2013). Interactive effects of an isocaloric high-protein diet and resistance exercise on body composition, ghrelin, and metabolic and hormonal parameters in untrained young men: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 5(2), 242\u2013247. 10.1111\/jdi.12148"},{"issue":"4","key":"r23","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.034","article-title":"The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Kord, H.V.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kord, H.V., Tinsley, G.M., Santos, H.O., Zand, H., Nazary, A., Fatahi, S., Mokhtari, Z., Salehi-Sahlabadi, A., Tan, S.C., Rahmani, J., Gaman, M.A., Sathian, B., Sadeghi, A., Hatami, B., Soltanieh, S., Aghamiri, S., Bawadi, H., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2021). The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition, 40(4), 1811\u20131821. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.10.034"},{"issue":"6","key":"r24","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084038","article-title":"The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance","volume":"101","author":"Leidy, H.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leidy, H.J., Clifton, P.M., Astrup, A., Wycherley, T.P., Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., Luscombe-Marsh, N.D., Woods, S.C., & Mattes, R.D. (2015). The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101(6), 1320S\u20131329S. 10.3945\/ajcn.114.084038"},{"issue":"1","key":"r25","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa693","article-title":"The plasma metabolomic profile is differently associated with liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, and pancreatic fat","volume":"106","author":"Lind, L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lind, L., Salihovic, S., Ris\u00e9rus, U., Kullberg, J., Johansson, L., Ahlstr\u00f6m, H., Eriksson, J.W., & Oscarsson, J. (2021). The plasma metabolomic profile is differently associated with liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, and pancreatic fat. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 106(1), e118\u2013e129. 10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa693"},{"issue":"10","key":"r26","series-title":"Cell Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.018","article-title":"Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The healthy heroes randomized control trial","volume":"34","author":"Manoogian, E.N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manoogian, E.N., Zadourian, A., Lo, H.C., Gutierrez, N.R., Shoghi, A., Rosander, A., Pazargadi, A., Ormiston, C.K., Wang, X., Sui, J., Hou, Z., Fleischer, J.G., Golshan, S., Taub, P.R., & Panda, S. (2022). Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The healthy heroes randomized control trial. Cell Metabolism, 34(10), 1442\u20131456.e7. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.018"},{"issue":"5","key":"r28","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817b02ad","article-title":"Accuracy of prediction equations for determining one repetition maximum bench press in women before and after resistance training","volume":"22","author":"Mayhew, J.L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mayhew, J.L., Johnson, B.D., LaMonte, M.J., Lauber, D., & Kemmler, W. (2008). Accuracy of prediction equations for determining one repetition maximum bench press in women before and after resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1570\u20131577. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31817b02ad"},{"issue":"2","key":"r29","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.2.241","article-title":"A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals","volume":"51","author":"Mifflin, M.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mifflin, M.D., St Jeor, S.T., Hill, L.A., Scott, B.J., Daugherty, S.A., & Koh, Y.O. (1990). A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51(2), 241\u2013247. 10.1093\/ajcn\/51.2.241"},{"issue":"5","key":"r30","series-title":"Renal Failure,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1033634","article-title":"Effects of resistance exercise training on acyl-ghrelin and obestatin levels in hemodialysis patients","volume":"37","author":"Moraes, C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moraes, C., Marinho, S., Lobo, J.C., Stockler-Pinto, M.B., Barros, A.F., Jacobson, L.V., da Nobrega, A.C., Rosa, M.L., & Denise, M. (2015). Effects of resistance exercise training on acyl-ghrelin and obestatin levels in hemodialysis patients. Renal Failure, 37(5), 851\u2013857. 10.3109\/0886022X.2015.1033634"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31","series-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-016-1044-0","article-title":"Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16\/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males","volume":"14","author":"Moro, T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moro, T., Tinsley, G., Bianco, A., Marcolin, G., Pacelli, Q.F., Battaglia, G., Palma, A., Gentil, P., Neri, M., & Paoli, A. (2016). Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16\/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. Journal of Translational Medicine, 14(1), Article 290. 10.1186\/s12967-016-1044-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"r32","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults","volume":"52","author":"Morton, R.W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morton, R.W., Murphy, K.T., McKellar, S.R., Schoenfeld, B.J., Henselmans, M., Helms, E., Aragon, A.A., Devries, M.C., Banfield, L., Krieger, J.W., & Phillips, S.M. (2018). A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(6), 376\u2013384. 10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608"},{"issue":"6","key":"r33","series-title":"Molecular Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.005","article-title":"Ghrelin","volume":"4","author":"M\u00fcller, T.D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, T.D., Nogueiras, R., Andermann, M.L., Andrews, Z.B., Anker, S.D., Argente, J., Batterham, R.L., Benoit, S.C., Bowers, C.Y., Broglio, F., Casanueva, F.F., D\u2019Alessio, D., Depoortere, I., Geliebter, A., Ghigo, E., Cole, P.A., Cowley, M., Cummings, D.E., Dagher, A., Diano, S., & Tschop, M.H. (2015). Ghrelin. Molecular Metabolism, 4(6), 437\u2013460. 10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.005"},{"issue":"1","key":"r34","series-title":"Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.09.010","article-title":"Structure, production and signaling of leptin","volume":"64","author":"M\u00fcnzberg, H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"M\u00fcnzberg, H., & Morrison, C.D. (2015). Structure, production and signaling of leptin. Metabolism, 64(1), 13\u201323. 10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.09.010"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"Nutrient timing: Pre and post-workout questions answered","author":"Murphy, L.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murphy, L. (2017). Nutrient timing: Pre and post-workout questions answered. NASM."},{"issue":"2","key":"r36","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181660003","article-title":"Comparison of responses to strenuous eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors between resistance-trained and untrained men","volume":"22","author":"Newton, M.J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Newton, M.J., Morgan, G.T., Sacco, P., Chapman, D.W., & Nosaka, K. (2008). Comparison of responses to strenuous eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors between resistance-trained and untrained men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(2), 597\u2013607. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181660003"},{"issue":"2","key":"r37","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01937-7","article-title":"Maximal number of repetitions at percentages of the one repetition maximum: A meta-regression and moderator analysis of sex, age, training status, and exercise","volume":"54","author":"Nuzzo, J.L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nuzzo, J.L., Pinto, M.D., Nosaka, K., & Steele, J. (2024). Maximal number of repetitions at percentages of the one repetition maximum: A meta-regression and moderator analysis of sex, age, training status, and exercise. Sports Medicine, 54(2), 303\u2013321. 10.1007\/s40279-023-01937-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"r38","series-title":"Advances in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa168","article-title":"Perspective: Time-restricted eating compared with caloric restriction: Potential facilitators and barriers of long-term weight loss maintenance","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Connor, S.G.","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, S.G., Boyd, P., Bailey, C.P., Shams-White, M.M., Agurs-Collins, T., Hall, K., Reedy, J., Sauter, E.R., & Czajkowski, S.M. (2021). Perspective: Time-restricted eating compared with caloric restriction: Potential facilitators and barriers of long-term weight loss maintenance. Advances in Nutrition, 12(2), 325\u2013333. 10.1093\/advances\/nmaa168"},{"issue":"1","key":"r39","series-title":"Annual Review of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064634","article-title":"Metabolic effects of intermittent fasting","volume":"37","author":"Patterson, R.E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patterson, R.E., & Sears, D.D. (2017). Metabolic effects of intermittent fasting. Annual Review of Nutrition, 37(1), 371\u2013393. 10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064634"},{"issue":"1","key":"r40","series-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09524-w","article-title":"Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Pellegrini, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellegrini, M., Cioffi, I., Evangelista, A., Ponzo, V., Goitre, I., Ciccone, G., Ghigo, E., & Bo, S. (2020). Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 21(1), 17\u201333. 10.1007\/s11154-019-09524-w"},{"key":"r41","series-title":"Hormones and Behavior,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2021.105006","article-title":"Central and peripheral leptin resistance in obesity and improvements of exercise","volume":"133","author":"Peng, J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng, J., Yin, L., & Wang, X. (2021). Central and peripheral leptin resistance in obesity and improvements of exercise. Hormones and Behavior, 133, Article 105006. 10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2021.105006"},{"key":"r42","series-title":"Nutrition & Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-11-53","article-title":"A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: Mechanisms and possible caveats","volume":"11","author":"Pesta, D.H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pesta, D.H., & Samuel, V.T. (2014). A high-protein diet for reducing body fat: Mechanisms and possible caveats. Nutrition & Metabolism, 11, Article 53. 10.1186\/1743-7075-11-53"},{"issue":"1","key":"r43","series-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09687-5","article-title":"Leptin as a key regulator of the adipose organ","volume":"23","author":"Pic\u00f3, C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pic\u00f3, C., Palou, M., Pomar, C.A., Rodr\u00edguez, A.M., & Palou, A. (2022). Leptin as a key regulator of the adipose organ. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 23(1), 13\u201330. 10.1007\/s11154-021-09687-5"},{"issue":"8","key":"r44","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22518","article-title":"Early time\u2010restricted feeding reduces appetite and increases fat oxidation but does not affect energy expenditure in humans","volume":"27","author":"Ravussin, E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ravussin, E., Beyl, R.A., Poggiogalle, E., Hsia, D.S., & Peterson, C.M. (2019). Early time\u2010restricted feeding reduces appetite and increases fat oxidation but does not affect energy expenditure in humans. Obesity, 27(8), 1244\u20131254. 10.1002\/oby.22518"},{"issue":"12","key":"r45","series-title":"The FEBS Journal,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15863","article-title":"AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function","volume":"288","author":"Rodr\u00edguez, C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, C., Mu\u00f1oz, M., Contreras, C., & Prieto, D. (2021). AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function. The FEBS Journal, 288(12), 3746\u20133771. 10.1111\/febs.15863"},{"issue":"4","key":"r46","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040891","article-title":"Negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet: Effects on visceral adipose tissue and liver fat","volume":"12","author":"Ross, R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ross, R., Soni, S., & Houle, S. (2020). Negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet: Effects on visceral adipose tissue and liver fat. Nutrients, 12(4), Article 891. 10.3390\/nu12040891"},{"issue":"1","key":"r47","series-title":"Sport Sciences for Health,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-021-00781-4","article-title":"Appetite regulating hormones and body composition responses to resistance training and detraining in men with obesity: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Rostamzadeh, N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rostamzadeh, N., & Sheikholeslami-Vatani, D. (2022). Appetite regulating hormones and body composition responses to resistance training and detraining in men with obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Sport Sciences for Health, 18(1), 115\u2013123. 10.1007\/s11332-021-00781-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"r48","series-title":"Nature Communications,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1","article-title":"Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: Implications in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Sartori, R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartori, R., Romanello, V., & Sandri, M. (2021). Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy: Implications in health and disease. Nature Communications, 12(1), Article 330. 10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"r49","series-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.72352","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Schulz, K.F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 1(2), 100\u2013107. 10.4103\/0976-500X.72352"},{"key":"r50","series-title":"Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning,","first-page":"439","article-title":"Program design for resistance training","volume":"4","author":"Sheppard, J.M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheppard, J.M., & Triplett, N.T. (2016). Program design for resistance training. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4, 439\u2013470."},{"key":"r51","series-title":"The British Journal of Radiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/38447238","article-title":"The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: A critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis","volume":"85","author":"Shuster, A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shuster, A., Patlas, M., Pinthus, J., & Mourtzakis, M. (2012). The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: A critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. The British Journal of Radiology, 85, Article 1009. 10.1259\/bjr\/38447238"},{"issue":"4","key":"r52","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041126","article-title":"Four weeks of time-restricted feeding combined with resistance training does not differentially influence measures of body composition, muscle performance, resting energy expenditure, and blood biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Stratton, M.T.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stratton, M.T., Tinsley, G.M., Alesi, M.G., Hester, G.M., Olmos, A.A., Serafini, P.R., Modjeski, A.S., Mangine, G.T., King, K., Savage, S.N., Webb, A.T., VanDusseldorp, T.A. (2020). Four weeks of time-restricted feeding combined with resistance training does not differentially influence measures of body composition, muscle performance, resting energy expenditure, and blood biomarkers. Nutrients, 12(4), Article 1126. 10.3390\/nu12041126"},{"issue":"6","key":"r53","series-title":"Cell Metabolism,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.010","article-title":"Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes","volume":"27","author":"Sutton, E.F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sutton, E.F., Beyl, R., Early, K.S., Cefalu, W.T., Ravussin, E., & Peterson, C.M. (2018). Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes. Cell Metabolism, 27(6), 1212\u20131221.e3. 10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.04.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"r54","series-title":"International Journal of Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0393-1","article-title":"Age-and sex-specific reference intervals for visceral fat mass in adults","volume":"44","author":"Swainson, M.G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swainson, M.G., Batterham, A.M., & Hind, K. (2020). Age-and sex-specific reference intervals for visceral fat mass in adults. International Journal of Obesity, 44(2), 289\u2013296. 10.1038\/s41366-019-0393-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"r55","series-title":"Sports Medicine-Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-022-00508-w","article-title":"Synergistic effect of increased total protein intake and strength training on muscle strength: A dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Tagawa, R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tagawa, R., Watanabe, D., Ito, K., Otsuyama, T., Nakayama, K., Sanbongi, C., & Miyachi, M. (2022). Synergistic effect of increased total protein intake and strength training on muscle strength: A dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine-Open, 8(1), Article 110. 10.1186\/s40798-022-00508-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"r56","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1223173","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Tinsley, G.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tinsley, G.M., Forsse, J.S., Butler, N.K., Paoli, A., Bane, A.A., La Bounty, P.M., Morgan, G.B., & Grandjean, P.W. (2017). Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(2), 200\u2013207. 10.1080\/17461391.2016.1223173"},{"issue":"3","key":"r57","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz126","article-title":"Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: A randomized trial","volume":"110","author":"Tinsley, G.M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tinsley, G.M., Moore, M.L., Graybeal, A.J., Paoli, A., Kim, Y., Gonzales, J.U., Harry, J.R., VanDusseldorp, T.A., Kennedy, D.N., & Cruz, M.R. (2019). Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: A randomized trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 110(3), 628\u2013640. 10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz126"},{"issue":"1","key":"r58","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009","article-title":"The effects of time-restricted eating vs habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Turner, L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turner, L., Charrouf, R., Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno, V., Hutchison, A., Heilbronn, L.K., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez, R. (2023). The effects of time-restricted eating vs habitual diet on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the general adult population: A systematic review with meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119(1), 206\u2013220. 10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.10.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"r59","series-title":"Nutrition & Metabolism,","article-title":"Beneficial effect of time-restricted eating on blood pressure: A systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"19","author":"Wang, W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, W., Wei, R., Pan, Q., & Guo, L. (2022). Beneficial effect of time-restricted eating on blood pressure: A systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Nutrition & Metabolism, 19(1), Article 711. https:\/\/doi:10.1186\/s12986-022-00711-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"r60","series-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab111","article-title":"Effect of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, on intermuscular and visceral fat and physical and metabolic function in older adults with obesity while dieting","volume":"77","author":"Waters, D.L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waters, D.L., Aguirre, L., Gurney, B., Sinacore, D.R., Fowler, K., Gregori, G., Armamento-Villareal, R., Qualls, C., & Villareal, D.T. (2022). Effect of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, on intermuscular and visceral fat and physical and metabolic function in older adults with obesity while dieting. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 77(1), 131\u2013139. 10.1093\/gerona\/glab111"},{"issue":"6","key":"r61","series-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.044321","article-title":"Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"96","author":"Wycherley, T.P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wycherley, T.P., Moran, L.J., Clifton, P.M., Noakes, M., & Brinkworth, G.D. (2012). Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(6), 1281\u20131298. 10.3945\/ajcn.112.044321"},{"key":"r62","series-title":"Obesity,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23499","article-title":"Time\u2013restricted eating alters the 24\u2010hour profile of adipose tissue transcriptome in men with obesity","volume":"31","author":"Zhao, L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Hutchison, A.T., Liu, B., Wittert, G.A., Thompson, C.H., Nguyen, L., Au, J., Vincent, A., Manoogian, E.N.C., Le, H.D., Williams, A.E., Banks, S., Panda, S., Heilbronn, L.K. (2023). Time\u2013restricted eating alters the 24\u2010hour profile of adipose tissue transcriptome in men with obesity. Obesity, 31, 63\u201374. 10.1002\/oby.23499"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/35\/6\/article-p493.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/35\/6\/article-p493.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/35\/6\/article-p493.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:05:09Z","timestamp":1777914309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/35\/6\/article-p493.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-484X","1543-2742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-484X","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}