{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:25:13Z","timestamp":1787016313485,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Preexercise caffeine intake has proven to exert ergogenic effects on cycling performance. However, controversy exists on whether caffeine ingested during prolonged exercise could attenuate performance decrements. We aimed to assess the effect of caffeine ingested during prolonged cycling on subsequent time-trial (TT) performance in trained cyclists. The study followed a triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design. Thirteen well-trained Junior cyclists (16.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5\u00a0years) performed a field-based 8-min TT under \u201cfresh\u201d conditions and after two work-matched field-based bouts designed to simulate a short cycling race (total energy expenditure of \u223c20\u00a0kJ\/kg and \u223c90-min duration). During the latter sessions, participants consumed caffeine (6\u00a0mg\/kg) or a placebo \u223c60\u00a0min before the TT. We assessed power output, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion during the TT and mood state (Brunel Mood Scale) before and after each TT. Participants attained a lower average power output during the TT with the placebo (352\u2009\u00b1\u200934\u00a0W) compared with the fresh condition (367\u2009\u00b1\u200936\u00a0W,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.009, Cohen\u2019s\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.02), whereas this decline was not observed in the caffeine condition (363\u2009\u00b1\u200940\u00a0W,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.000, vs. fresh,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.25). Differences between the caffeine and placebo conditions did not reach statistical significance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.103), although they were moderate (3.1%,\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.66) and surpassed the estimated smallest worthwhile change (defined as 2%). No significant differences were found for heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, or mood states. High-dose caffeine intake during a simulated cycling race seems to partly attenuate performance impairments on subsequent TT in Junior cyclists, although further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness compared with a placebo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T18:45:27Z","timestamp":1763405127000},"page":"21-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Caffeine on Durability After a Simulated Race in Trained Cyclists: A Field-Based Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-1369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lidia B.","family":"Alejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1875-2193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iv\u00e1n R.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1067-890X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos","family":"Revuelta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Europea de Madrid, Department of Real Madrid Graduate School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0102-5247","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"de Pablos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8640-7059","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Iba\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alimco-Campagnolo U19 team, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-3369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro L.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4869-5900","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Barranco-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Scientific Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69660-1","article-title":"Neuronal adenosine A2A receptors signal ergogenic effects of caffeine","volume":"10","author":"Aguiar, A.S.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguiar, A.S., Speck, A.E., Canas, P.M., &\u00a0Cunha,\u00a0R.A. 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