{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:41:36Z","timestamp":1792600896022,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    This study investigates whether carbohydrate supplementation during 3\u00a0hr of cycling attenuates postexercise changes in oculomotor control and visual performance.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Within a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures, crossover design, nine healthy males completed two 180-min cycling trials at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity, ingesting either a carbohydrate (0.7\u00a0g\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7hr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) or placebo solution. Saccadic eye movements (rapid, ballistic gaze shifts used to redirect the fovea to targets of interest), visual acuity, binocular function, and global motion perception were assessed before and after exercise. Heart rate, perceived exertion, blood glucose, and serum insulin levels were monitored throughout exercise.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Blood glucose diverged significantly between conditions across the 180-min exercise protocol, reaching hypoglycemic levels (&lt;4\u00a0mmol\/L) in placebo from 150\u00a0min (placebo: 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 vs. carbohydrate: 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0mmol\/L at 180\u00a0min). Postexercise saccade velocity, amplitude, and latency changed equivalently across both conditions (\u221213% velocity, \u22121\u00b0 amplitude, +25-ms latency; all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Visual attention, global motion perception, visual acuity, and binocular function were unchanged by exercise or intervention.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Postexercise reductions in saccade velocity and amplitude, and increased latency, were observed regardless of glycemic state, reflecting impaired oculomotor output independent of carbohydrate availability, while visual performance was preserved. These findings point toward a centrally mediated neural mechanism rather than carbohydrate substrate limitation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T09:12:53Z","timestamp":1789031573000},"page":"668-677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fuel Doesn\u2019t Fix It: Oculomotor Control Declines During 3\u00a0Hr of Exercise Irrespective of Carbohydrate Availability"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Charlotte J.W.","family":"Connell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2098-0785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shelley","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Health, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7459-4783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liggins Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2888-914X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gustav","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-2712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liggins Institute and School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-0163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Gant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Behavioural Brain Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00297-2","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate in behavior genetics research","volume":"125","author":"Benjamini, Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benjamini, Y., Drai, D., Elmer, G., Kafkafi, N., & Golani, I. 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