{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:55:19Z","timestamp":1790909719353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ramadan-type diurnal fasting, which restricts both food and fluid intake from dawn to sunset, may influence physiological, metabolic, and perceptual responses during high-intensity exercise. However, its acute effects under matched external workload conditions in field-based soccer training remain unclear. This study examined the physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic, and perceptual responses to a matched high-intensity intermittent training session performed under fed and Ramadan-type fasting conditions. Twenty male university-level soccer players completed two counterbalanced sessions. External load was matched using 10-Hz GPS monitoring. Physiological variables, including oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, minute ventilation, and heart rate, along with blood lactate concentration, session rating of perceived exertion, perceptual scales (thermal discomfort and thirst), neuromuscular performance assessed via countermovement jump height and power, and body mass were measured before and after exercise. External mechanical load did not differ between conditions. Ramadan-type fasting elicited significantly higher minute ventilation, mean and maximal heart rate, and session rating of perceived exertion, whereas carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, and peak blood lactate concentration were significantly lower. Oxygen uptake did not differ between conditions. Thermal discomfort and thirst increased from pre- to postexercise in both trials (time effect), with perceived thirst showing a greater increase under fasting conditions (interaction effect). Countermovement jump height and power demonstrated significant pre-to-post reductions (time effect) without condition or interaction effects. Body mass decreased significantly from pre- to postexercise in both trials (time effect), with no condition or interaction effects. These findings indicate that Ramadan-type fasting increases internal physiological and perceptual load during high-intensity intermittent soccer training despite identical external workloads, while neuromuscular performance and exercise-induced body mass loss remain preserved. Practitioners should consider that athletes may experience higher internal strain during fasting-based sessions even when mechanical output is maintained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:48:31Z","timestamp":1772758111000},"page":"417-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Physiological, Neuromuscular, and Perceptual Responses to Matched High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Soccer Players Under Fed and Ramadan-Type Fasting Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-8465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osman","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-5278","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"Ulup\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-645X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kaan","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-9994","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erkan","family":"Tortu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-9645","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"T\u00fcrksoy I\u015f\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-6072","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alay","family":"Kesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6566-5201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u0130zzet","family":"\u0130nce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0990-9224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cebrail","family":"Gen\u00e7o\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4148-9781","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Salih","family":"\u00c7abuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1727-4596","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Demirli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6424-8871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Serhat","family":"\u00d6zbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01257-0","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Abaidia, A.-E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abaidia, A.-E., Daab, W., & Bouzid, M.A. (2020). Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(5), 1009\u20131026. 10.1007\/s40279-020-01257-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"r2","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13054","article-title":"Effects of fasted vs fed\u2010state exercise on performance and post\u2010exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"28","author":"Aird, T.P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aird, T.P., Davies, R.W., & Carson, B.P. (2018). Effects of fasted vs fed\u2010state exercise on performance and post\u2010exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(5), 1476\u20131493. 10.1111\/sms.13054"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.4.4.419","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sports performance and training: A review","volume":"4","author":"Anis, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anis, C., Leiper, J.B., Nizar, S., Coutts, A.J., & Karim, C. (2009). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sports performance and training: A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4(4), 419\u2013434. 10.1123\/ijspp.4.4.419"},{"issue":"9","key":"r4","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091452","article-title":"The effect of acute dehydration upon muscle strength indices at elite karate athletes: A randomized crossover study","volume":"17","author":"Arnaoutis, G.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arnaoutis, G., & Neophytou, P. (2025). The effect of acute dehydration upon muscle strength indices at elite karate athletes: A randomized crossover study. Nutrients, 17(9), Article 1452. 10.3390\/nu17091452"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","series-title":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00381-6","article-title":"Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Barley, O.R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barley, O.R., Chapman, D.W., & Abbiss, C.R. (2020). Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), Article 52. 10.1186\/s12970-020-00381-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1302-7968","article-title":"Implementing high-speed running and sprinting training in professional soccer","volume":"42","author":"Beato, M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beato, M., Drust, B., & Iacono, A.D. (2021). Implementing high-speed running and sprinting training in professional soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(4), 295\u2013299. 10.1055\/a-1302-7968"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Borg\u2019s perceived exertion and pain scales","author":"Borg, G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borg, G. (1998). Borg\u2019s perceived exertion and pain scales. Human Kinetics."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"r8","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208","article-title":"Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement","volume":"12","author":"Bourdon, P.C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourdon, P.C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M.C., Gabbett, T.J., Coutts, A.J., Burgess, D.J., & Gregson, W. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl. 2), 161\u2013170. 10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Frontiers in Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01480","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on recovery following a simulated soccer match in professional soccer players: A pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Bouzid, M.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bouzid, M.A., Aba\u00efdia, A.E., Bouchiba, M., Ghattassi, K., Daab, W., Engel, F.A., & Chtourou, H. (2019). Effects of Ramadan fasting on recovery following a simulated soccer match in professional soccer players: A pilot study. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, Article 1480. 10.3389\/fphys.2019.01480"},{"issue":"9","key":"r10","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bc17fc","article-title":"Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception of fatigue in male elite judo athletes","volume":"23","author":"Chaouachi, A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaouachi, A., Coutts, A.J., Chamari, K., Wong, D.P., Chaouachi, M., Chtara, M., Roky, R., & Amri, M. (2009). Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception of fatigue in male elite judo athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2702\u20132709. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bc17fc"},{"issue":"3","key":"r11","series-title":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34757","article-title":"The effect of Ramadan fasting on physical performances, mood state and perceived exertion in young footballers","volume":"2","author":"Chtourou, H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chtourou, H., Hammouda, O., Souissi, H., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., & Souissi, N. (2011). The effect of Ramadan fasting on physical performances, mood state and perceived exertion in young footballers. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(3), Article 177. 10.5812\/asjsm.34757"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"La Tunisie Medicale,","first-page":"1114","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performances in soccer players: A systematic review effets du je\u00fbne de Ramadan sur les performances physiques des footballeurs: Revue syst\u00e9matique","volume":"97","author":"Chtourou, H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chtourou, H., Trabelsi, K., Boukhris, O., Ammar, A., Shephard, R.J., & Bragazzi, N.L. (2019). Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performances in soccer players: A systematic review effets du je\u00fbne de Ramadan sur les performances physiques des footballeurs: Revue syst\u00e9matique. La Tunisie Medicale, 97, 1114\u20131131."},{"issue":"1","key":"r13","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010168","article-title":"Intermittent fasting: Does it affect sports performance? A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Conde-Pip\u00f3, J.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Conde-Pip\u00f3, J., Mora-Fernandez, A., Martinez-Bebia, M., Gimenez-Blasi, N., Lopez-Moro, A., Latorre, J.A., Almendros-Ruiz, A., Requena, B., & Mariscal-Arcas, M. (2024). Intermittent fasting: Does it affect sports performance? A systematic review. Nutrients, 16(1), Article 168. 10.3390\/nu16010168"},{"issue":"3","key":"r14","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01586-8","article-title":"The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on football players and implications for domestic football leagues over the next decade: A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"DeLang, M.D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeLang, M.D., Salamh, P.A., Chtourou, H., Saad, H.B., & Chamari, K. (2022). The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on football players and implications for domestic football leagues over the next decade: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 52(3), 585\u2013600. 10.1007\/s40279-021-01586-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"r15","series-title":"Biology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.131814","article-title":"Fasting reduces satiety and increases hunger but does not affect the performance in resistance training","volume":"41","author":"Drummond, M.D.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Drummond, M.D., Soares, P.S., Savoi, L.A., & Silva, R.A. (2024). Fasting reduces satiety and increases hunger but does not affect the performance in resistance training. Biology of Sport, 41(2), 57\u201365. 10.5114\/biolsport.2024.131814"},{"issue":"8","key":"r16","series-title":"Physiological Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13672","article-title":"Free\u2010living, continuous hypo\u2010hydration, and cardiovascular response to exercise in a heated environment","volume":"6","author":"Early, K.S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Early, K.S., Earnest, C.P., Theall, B., Lemoine, N.P., Harrell, B., & Johannsen, N.M. (2018). Free\u2010living, continuous hypo\u2010hydration, and cardiovascular response to exercise in a heated environment. Physiological Reports, 6(8), Article 13672. 10.14814\/phy2.13672"},{"issue":"225","key":"r17","series-title":"Apunts Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2024.100467","article-title":"The effects of Ramadan fasting on various physiological and biochemical parameters on Muslim soccer players","volume":"60","author":"Fenni, Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fenni, Y., Ikiouane, M., Redjal, M., Remini, H., Allam, A., & Zaabar, S. (2025). The effects of Ramadan fasting on various physiological and biochemical parameters on Muslim soccer players. Apunts Sports Medicine, 60(225), Article 100467. 10.1016\/j.apunsm.2024.100467"},{"issue":"4","key":"r18","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001177","article-title":"Effects of hypohydration on repeated 40-yd sprint performance","volume":"30","author":"Gann, J.J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gann, J.J., Green, J.M., O\u2019Neal, E.K., Renfroe, L.G., & Andre, T.L. (2016). Effects of hypohydration on repeated 40-yd sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(4), 901\u2013909. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001177"},{"issue":"2","key":"r19","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ccb18d","article-title":"Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height","volume":"25","author":"Glatthorn, J.F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glatthorn, J.F., Gouge, S., Nussbaumer, S., Stauffacher, S., Impellizzeri, F.M., & Maffiuletti, N.A. (2011). Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 556\u2013560. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ccb18d"},{"issue":"1","key":"r20","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","article-title":"Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science","volume":"30","author":"Hopkins, W.G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hopkins, W.G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1\u201315. 10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001"},{"issue":"7","key":"r21","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0013","article-title":"Programming high-speed and sprint running exposure in football: Beliefs and practices of more than 100 practitioners worldwide","volume":"18","author":"Iacono, A.D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iacono, A.D., Beato, M., Unnithan, V.B., & Shushan, T. (2023). Programming high-speed and sprint running exposure in football: Beliefs and practices of more than 100 practitioners worldwide. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 18(7), 742\u2013757. 10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0013"},{"issue":"11","key":"r22","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038491","article-title":"Validity of a repeated-sprint test for football","volume":"29","author":"Impellizzeri, F.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Impellizzeri, F., Rampinini, E., Castagna, C., Bishop, D., Bravo, D.F., Tibaudi, A., & Wisloff, U. (2008). Validity of a repeated-sprint test for football. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(11), 899\u2013905. 10.1055\/s-2008-1038491"},{"issue":"10","key":"r23","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737100-00006","article-title":"Hydration and muscular performance: Does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance?","volume":"37","author":"Judelson, D.A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Judelson, D.A., Maresh, C.M., Anderson, J.M., Armstrong, L.E., Casa, D.J., Kraemer, W.J., & Volek, J.S. (2007). Hydration and muscular performance: Does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance? Sports Medicine, 37(10), 907\u2013921. 10.2165\/00007256-200737100-00006"},{"issue":"4","key":"r24","series-title":"Journal of Sports Science & Medicine,","first-page":"490","article-title":"Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise","volume":"6","author":"Karli, U.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karli, U., Guvenc, A., Aslan, A., Hazir, T., & Acikada, C. (2007). Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(4), 490\u2013497."},{"issue":"9","key":"r25","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000139901.63911.75","article-title":"Thirst sensations and AVP responses at rest and during exercise-cold exposure","volume":"36","author":"Kenefick, R.W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kenefick, R.W., Hazzard, M.P., Mahood, N.V., & Castellani, J.W. (2004). Thirst sensations and AVP responses at rest and during exercise-cold exposure. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(9), 1528\u20131534. 10.1249\/01.MSS.0000139901.63911.75"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1148845","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on the diurnal variations of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise in professional football players","volume":"14","author":"Khemila, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khemila, S., Romdhani, M., Farjallah, M.A., Abid, R., Bentouati, E., Souissi, M.A., Abedelmalek, S., Garbarino, S., & Souissi, N. (2023). Effects of Ramadan fasting on the diurnal variations of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise in professional football players. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1148845. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1148845"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","series-title":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.11.003","article-title":"The effects of six weeks of fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical index in overweight and obese young adult males","volume":"21","author":"Liu, X.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, X., He, M., Gan, X., Yang, Y., Hou, Q., & Hu, R. (2023). The effects of six weeks of fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical index in overweight and obese young adult males. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 21(1), 95\u2013103. 10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.11.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28","series-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0086","article-title":"High speed running and sprinting profiles of elite soccer players","volume":"58","author":"Mi\u00f1ano-Espin, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mi\u00f1ano-Espin, J., Cas\u00e1is, L., Lago-Pe\u00f1as, C., & G\u00f3mez-Ruano, M.\u00c1. (2017). High speed running and sprinting profiles of elite soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(1), 169\u2013176. 10.1515\/hukin-2017-0086"},{"issue":"4","key":"r29","series-title":"Research in Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2021.1888107","article-title":"Does aerobic performance define match running performance among professional soccer players? A position-specific analysis","volume":"29","author":"Modric, T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Modric, T., Versic, S., & Sekulic, D. (2021). Does aerobic performance define match running performance among professional soccer players? A position-specific analysis. Research in Sports Medicine, 29(4), 336\u2013348. 10.1080\/15438627.2021.1888107"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"r30","series-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719656","article-title":"Hydration and physical performance","volume":"26","author":"Murray, B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murray, B. (2007). Hydration and physical performance. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(Suppl. 5), 542S\u2013548S. 10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719656"},{"issue":"5","key":"r31","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1438520","article-title":"The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion cycling performance","volume":"18","author":"Naharudin, M.N.B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naharudin, M.N.B., & Yusof, A. (2018). The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion cycling performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(5), 667\u2013676. 10.1080\/17461391.2018.1438520"},{"issue":"8","key":"r32","series-title":"Experimental Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086352","article-title":"Differential control of respiratory frequency and tidal volume during high\u2010intensity interval training","volume":"102","author":"Nicol\u00f2, A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nicol\u00f2, A., Marcora, S.M., Bazzucchi, I., & Sacchetti, M. (2017). Differential control of respiratory frequency and tidal volume during high\u2010intensity interval training. Experimental Physiology, 102(8), 934\u2013949. 10.1113\/EP086352"},{"issue":"1","key":"r33","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0028","article-title":"Respiratory frequency as a marker of physical effort during high-intensity interval training in soccer players","volume":"15","author":"Nicol\u00f2, A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicol\u00f2, A., Montini, M., Girardi, M., Felici, F., Bazzucchi, I., & Sacchetti, M. (2020). Respiratory frequency as a marker of physical effort during high-intensity interval training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(1), 73\u201380. 10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0028"},{"issue":"10","key":"r34","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0738-7","article-title":"Fluid balance in team sport athletes and the effect of hypohydration on cognitive, technical, and physical performance","volume":"47","author":"Nuccio, R.P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nuccio, R.P., Barnes, K.A., Carter, J.M., & Baker, L.B. (2017). Fluid balance in team sport athletes and the effect of hypohydration on cognitive, technical, and physical performance. Sports Medicine, 47(10), 1951\u20131982. 10.1007\/s40279-017-0738-7"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1322128","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise","volume":"11","author":"\u00d6zbay, S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zbay, S., Ulup\u0131nar, S., Gen\u00e7o\u011flu, C., Ouergui, I., \u00d6get, F., Y\u0131lmaz, H.H., Kishal\u0131, N.F., K\u0131y\u0131c\u0131, F., Asan, S., & U\u00e7an, \u0130. (2024). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, Article 1322128. 10.3389\/fnut.2024.1322128"},{"issue":"2","key":"r36","series-title":"Trends in Sport Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23829\/TSS.2025.32.2-6","article-title":"Impact of maximal sprinting speed on very high-speed running distance, sprinting distance and peak sprinting speed during soccer matches","volume":"32","author":"Papadakis, L.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Papadakis, L., Ispyrlidis, I., & Patras, K. (2025). Impact of maximal sprinting speed on very high-speed running distance, sprinting distance and peak sprinting speed during soccer matches. Trends in Sport Sciences, 32(2), Article 6. 10.23829\/TSS.2025.32.2-6"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Physiological Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.202","article-title":"Exercise under heat stress: Thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies","volume":"10","author":"P\u00e9riard, J.D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9riard, J.D., Eijsvogels, T.M., & Daanen, H.A. (2021). Exercise under heat stress: Thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiological Reviews, 10, Article 202. 10.1152\/physrev.00038.202"},{"issue":"1","key":"r38","series-title":"Sports Medicine International Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0883-5540","article-title":"Activity profiles by position in youth elite soccer players in official matches","volume":"3","author":"Pettersen, S.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pettersen, S.A., & Brenn, T. (2019). Activity profiles by position in youth elite soccer players in official matches. Sports Medicine International Open, 3(1), E19\u2013E24. 10.1055\/a-0883-5540"},{"issue":"24","key":"r39","series-title":"Applied Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app122412635","article-title":"Match movement profiles differences in Spanish soccer competitive leagues according to opposition\u2019s team ranking: A comparison study","volume":"12","author":"Ponce-Bord\u00f3n, J.C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ponce-Bord\u00f3n, J.C., Nobari, H., Lobo-Trivi\u00f1o, D., Garc\u00eda-Calvo, T., Vicente-Gim\u00e9nez, J., Lopez del Campo, R., Resta, R., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Navarro, J. (2022). Match movement profiles differences in Spanish soccer competitive leagues according to opposition\u2019s team ranking: A comparison study. Applied Sciences, 12(24), Article 12635. 10.3390\/app122412635"},{"issue":"8","key":"r40","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0349-0","article-title":"Effect of hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: A meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Savoie, F.-A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Savoie, F.-A., Kenefick, R.W., Ely, B.R., Cheuvront, S.N., & Goulet, E.D. (2015). Effect of hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(8), 1207\u20131227. 10.1007\/s40279-015-0349-0"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"r41","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0395-7","article-title":"Hypohydration and human performance: Impact of environment and physiological mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Sawka, M.N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sawka, M.N., Cheuvront, S.N., & Kenefick, R.W. (2015). Hypohydration and human performance: Impact of environment and physiological mechanisms. Sports Medicine, 45(Suppl. 1), 51\u201360. 10.1007\/s40279-015-0395-7"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/STSIVA.2016.7743355","article-title":"\u201cHeart rate variability analysis during a dehydration protocol on athletes\u201d","author":"Severeyn, E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Severeyn, E., Vel\u00e1squez, J., Perpi\u00f1\u00e1n, G., Herrera, H., Pacheco, M., & Wong, S. (2016). \u201cHeart rate variability analysis during a dehydration protocol on athletes\u201d. 2016 XXI Symposium on Signal Processing, Images and Artificial Vision (STSIVA), Bucaramanga, Colombia (pp.\u00a01\u20137). 10.1109\/STSIVA.2016.7743355"},{"issue":"5","key":"r43","series-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.03.003","article-title":"The effect of participation in Ramadan on substrate selection during submaximal cycling exercise","volume":"11","author":"Stannard, S.R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stannard, S.R., & Thompson, M.W. (2008). The effect of participation in Ramadan on substrate selection during submaximal cycling exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(5), 510\u2013517. 10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.03.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"r44","series-title":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2021.1950902","article-title":"The contribution of energy systems in repeated-sprint protocols: The effect of distance, rest, and repetition","volume":"94","author":"Ulup\u0131nar, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ulup\u0131nar, S., Haz\u0131r, T., & Kin \u0130\u015fler, A. (2023). The contribution of energy systems in repeated-sprint protocols: The effect of distance, rest, and repetition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(1), 173\u2013179. 10.1080\/02701367.2021.1950902"},{"issue":"25","key":"r45","series-title":"Journal of Computer and Education Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.18009\/jcer.1622772","article-title":"Evaluating KIP against SPSS: A reliable and valid statistical tool for academic research","volume":"13","author":"Ulup\u0131nar, S.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ulup\u0131nar, S., \u00d6zbay, S., Ulup\u0131nar, F., Asan, S., \u0130nce, \u0130., Bedir, D., Gen\u00e7o\u011flu, C., & \u00c7abuk, S. (2025). Evaluating KIP against SPSS: A reliable and valid statistical tool for academic research. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 13(25), 602\u2013627. 10.18009\/jcer.1622772"},{"issue":"7","key":"r46","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003160","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Vieira, A.F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vieira, A.F., Costa, R.R., Macedo, R.C.O., Coconcelli, L., & Kruel, L.F.M. (2016). Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(7), 1153\u20131164. 10.1017\/S0007114516003160"},{"issue":"6","key":"r47","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032037","article-title":"Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players","volume":"41","author":"Zerguini, Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zerguini, Y., Kirkendall, D., Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2007). Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(6), 398\u2013400. 10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032037"},{"key":"r48","series-title":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S224919","article-title":"Exercise training and fasting: Current insights","volume":"11","author":"Zouhal, H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zouhal, H., Saeidi, A., Salhi, A., Li, H., Essop, M.F., Laher, I., Rhibi, F., Amani-Shalamzari, S., & Ben Abderrahman, A. (2020). Exercise training and fasting: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 11, 1\u201328. 10.2147\/OAJSM.S224919"},{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01257-0","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Abaidia, A.-E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abaidia, A.-E., Daab, W., & Bouzid, M.A. (2020). Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(5), 1009\u20131026. 10.1007\/s40279-020-01257-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"r2","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13054","article-title":"Effects of fasted vs fed\u2010state exercise on performance and post\u2010exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"28","author":"Aird, T.P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aird, T.P., Davies, R.W., & Carson, B.P. (2018). Effects of fasted vs fed\u2010state exercise on performance and post\u2010exercise metabolism: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(5), 1476\u20131493. 10.1111\/sms.13054"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.4.4.419","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sports performance and training: A review","volume":"4","author":"Anis, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anis, C., Leiper, J.B., Nizar, S., Coutts, A.J., & Karim, C. (2009). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sports performance and training: A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4(4), 419\u2013434. 10.1123\/ijspp.4.4.419"},{"issue":"9","key":"r4","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17091452","article-title":"The effect of acute dehydration upon muscle strength indices at elite karate athletes: A randomized crossover study","volume":"17","author":"Arnaoutis, G.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Arnaoutis, G., & Neophytou, P. (2025). The effect of acute dehydration upon muscle strength indices at elite karate athletes: A randomized crossover study. Nutrients, 17(9), Article 1452. 10.3390\/nu17091452"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5","series-title":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-020-00381-6","article-title":"Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Barley, O.R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barley, O.R., Chapman, D.W., & Abbiss, C.R. (2020). Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), Article 52. 10.1186\/s12970-020-00381-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1302-7968","article-title":"Implementing high-speed running and sprinting training in professional soccer","volume":"42","author":"Beato, M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beato, M., Drust, B., & Iacono, A.D. (2021). Implementing high-speed running and sprinting training in professional soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(4), 295\u2013299. 10.1055\/a-1302-7968"},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Borg\u2019s perceived exertion and pain scales","author":"Borg, G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borg, G. (1998). Borg\u2019s perceived exertion and pain scales. Human Kinetics."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"r8","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208","article-title":"Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement","volume":"12","author":"Bourdon, P.C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bourdon, P.C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M.C., Gabbett, T.J., Coutts, A.J., Burgess, D.J., & Gregson, W. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl. 2), 161\u2013170. 10.1123\/IJSPP.2017-0208"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"Frontiers in Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01480","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on recovery following a simulated soccer match in professional soccer players: A pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Bouzid, M.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bouzid, M.A., Aba\u00efdia, A.E., Bouchiba, M., Ghattassi, K., Daab, W., Engel, F.A., & Chtourou, H. (2019). Effects of Ramadan fasting on recovery following a simulated soccer match in professional soccer players: A pilot study. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, Article 1480. 10.3389\/fphys.2019.01480"},{"issue":"9","key":"r10","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bc17fc","article-title":"Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception of fatigue in male elite judo athletes","volume":"23","author":"Chaouachi, A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaouachi, A., Coutts, A.J., Chamari, K., Wong, D.P., Chaouachi, M., Chtara, M., Roky, R., & Amri, M. (2009). Effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on aerobic and anaerobic performance and perception of fatigue in male elite judo athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2702\u20132709. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bc17fc"},{"issue":"3","key":"r11","series-title":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/asjsm.34757","article-title":"The effect of Ramadan fasting on physical performances, mood state and perceived exertion in young footballers","volume":"2","author":"Chtourou, H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chtourou, H., Hammouda, O., Souissi, H., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, A., & Souissi, N. (2011). The effect of Ramadan fasting on physical performances, mood state and perceived exertion in young footballers. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(3), Article 177. 10.5812\/asjsm.34757"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"La Tunisie Medicale,","first-page":"1114","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performances in soccer players: A systematic review effets du je\u00fbne de Ramadan sur les performances physiques des footballeurs: Revue syst\u00e9matique","volume":"97","author":"Chtourou, H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chtourou, H., Trabelsi, K., Boukhris, O., Ammar, A., Shephard, R.J., & Bragazzi, N.L. (2019). Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performances in soccer players: A systematic review effets du je\u00fbne de Ramadan sur les performances physiques des footballeurs: Revue syst\u00e9matique. La Tunisie Medicale, 97, 1114\u20131131."},{"issue":"1","key":"r13","series-title":"Nutrients,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010168","article-title":"Intermittent fasting: Does it affect sports performance? A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Conde-Pip\u00f3, J.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Conde-Pip\u00f3, J., Mora-Fernandez, A., Martinez-Bebia, M., Gimenez-Blasi, N., Lopez-Moro, A., Latorre, J.A., Almendros-Ruiz, A., Requena, B., & Mariscal-Arcas, M. (2024). Intermittent fasting: Does it affect sports performance? A systematic review. Nutrients, 16(1), Article 168. 10.3390\/nu16010168"},{"issue":"3","key":"r14","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01586-8","article-title":"The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on football players and implications for domestic football leagues over the next decade: A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"DeLang, M.D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"DeLang, M.D., Salamh, P.A., Chtourou, H., Saad, H.B., & Chamari, K. (2022). The effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on football players and implications for domestic football leagues over the next decade: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 52(3), 585\u2013600. 10.1007\/s40279-021-01586-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"r15","series-title":"Biology of Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.131814","article-title":"Fasting reduces satiety and increases hunger but does not affect the performance in resistance training","volume":"41","author":"Drummond, M.D.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Drummond, M.D., Soares, P.S., Savoi, L.A., & Silva, R.A. (2024). Fasting reduces satiety and increases hunger but does not affect the performance in resistance training. Biology of Sport, 41(2), 57\u201365. 10.5114\/biolsport.2024.131814"},{"issue":"8","key":"r16","series-title":"Physiological Reports,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13672","article-title":"Free\u2010living, continuous hypo\u2010hydration, and cardiovascular response to exercise in a heated environment","volume":"6","author":"Early, K.S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Early, K.S., Earnest, C.P., Theall, B., Lemoine, N.P., Harrell, B., & Johannsen, N.M. (2018). Free\u2010living, continuous hypo\u2010hydration, and cardiovascular response to exercise in a heated environment. Physiological Reports, 6(8), Article 13672. 10.14814\/phy2.13672"},{"issue":"225","key":"r17","series-title":"Apunts Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunsm.2024.100467","article-title":"The effects of Ramadan fasting on various physiological and biochemical parameters on Muslim soccer players","volume":"60","author":"Fenni, Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fenni, Y., Ikiouane, M., Redjal, M., Remini, H., Allam, A., & Zaabar, S. (2025). The effects of Ramadan fasting on various physiological and biochemical parameters on Muslim soccer players. Apunts Sports Medicine, 60(225), Article 100467. 10.1016\/j.apunsm.2024.100467"},{"issue":"4","key":"r18","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001177","article-title":"Effects of hypohydration on repeated 40-yd sprint performance","volume":"30","author":"Gann, J.J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gann, J.J., Green, J.M., O\u2019Neal, E.K., Renfroe, L.G., & Andre, T.L. (2016). Effects of hypohydration on repeated 40-yd sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(4), 901\u2013909. 10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001177"},{"issue":"2","key":"r19","series-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ccb18d","article-title":"Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height","volume":"25","author":"Glatthorn, J.F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glatthorn, J.F., Gouge, S., Nussbaumer, S., Stauffacher, S., Impellizzeri, F.M., & Maffiuletti, N.A. (2011). Validity and reliability of Optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(2), 556\u2013560. 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ccb18d"},{"issue":"1","key":"r20","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","article-title":"Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science","volume":"30","author":"Hopkins, W.G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hopkins, W.G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1\u201315. 10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001"},{"issue":"7","key":"r21","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0013","article-title":"Programming high-speed and sprint running exposure in football: Beliefs and practices of more than 100 practitioners worldwide","volume":"18","author":"Iacono, A.D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iacono, A.D., Beato, M., Unnithan, V.B., & Shushan, T. (2023). Programming high-speed and sprint running exposure in football: Beliefs and practices of more than 100 practitioners worldwide. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 18(7), 742\u2013757. 10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0013"},{"issue":"11","key":"r22","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038491","article-title":"Validity of a repeated-sprint test for football","volume":"29","author":"Impellizzeri, F.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Impellizzeri, F., Rampinini, E., Castagna, C., Bishop, D., Bravo, D.F., Tibaudi, A., & Wisloff, U. (2008). Validity of a repeated-sprint test for football. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(11), 899\u2013905. 10.1055\/s-2008-1038491"},{"issue":"10","key":"r23","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737100-00006","article-title":"Hydration and muscular performance: Does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance?","volume":"37","author":"Judelson, D.A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Judelson, D.A., Maresh, C.M., Anderson, J.M., Armstrong, L.E., Casa, D.J., Kraemer, W.J., & Volek, J.S. (2007). Hydration and muscular performance: Does fluid balance affect strength, power and high-intensity endurance? Sports Medicine, 37(10), 907\u2013921. 10.2165\/00007256-200737100-00006"},{"issue":"4","key":"r24","series-title":"Journal of Sports Science & Medicine,","first-page":"490","article-title":"Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise","volume":"6","author":"Karli, U.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karli, U., Guvenc, A., Aslan, A., Hazir, T., & Acikada, C. (2007). Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 6(4), 490\u2013497."},{"issue":"9","key":"r25","series-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000139901.63911.75","article-title":"Thirst sensations and AVP responses at rest and during exercise-cold exposure","volume":"36","author":"Kenefick, R.W.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kenefick, R.W., Hazzard, M.P., Mahood, N.V., & Castellani, J.W. (2004). Thirst sensations and AVP responses at rest and during exercise-cold exposure. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(9), 1528\u20131534. 10.1249\/01.MSS.0000139901.63911.75"},{"key":"r26","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1148845","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan fasting on the diurnal variations of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise in professional football players","volume":"14","author":"Khemila, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khemila, S., Romdhani, M., Farjallah, M.A., Abid, R., Bentouati, E., Souissi, M.A., Abedelmalek, S., Garbarino, S., & Souissi, N. (2023). Effects of Ramadan fasting on the diurnal variations of physical and cognitive performances at rest and after exercise in professional football players. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1148845. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1148845"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","series-title":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.11.003","article-title":"The effects of six weeks of fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical index in overweight and obese young adult males","volume":"21","author":"Liu, X.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, X., He, M., Gan, X., Yang, Y., Hou, Q., & Hu, R. (2023). The effects of six weeks of fasted aerobic exercise on body shape and blood biochemical index in overweight and obese young adult males. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 21(1), 95\u2013103. 10.1016\/j.jesf.2022.11.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28","series-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2017-0086","article-title":"High speed running and sprinting profiles of elite soccer players","volume":"58","author":"Mi\u00f1ano-Espin, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mi\u00f1ano-Espin, J., Cas\u00e1is, L., Lago-Pe\u00f1as, C., & G\u00f3mez-Ruano, M.\u00c1. (2017). High speed running and sprinting profiles of elite soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 58(1), 169\u2013176. 10.1515\/hukin-2017-0086"},{"issue":"4","key":"r29","series-title":"Research in Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2021.1888107","article-title":"Does aerobic performance define match running performance among professional soccer players? A position-specific analysis","volume":"29","author":"Modric, T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Modric, T., Versic, S., & Sekulic, D. (2021). Does aerobic performance define match running performance among professional soccer players? A position-specific analysis. Research in Sports Medicine, 29(4), 336\u2013348. 10.1080\/15438627.2021.1888107"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"r30","series-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719656","article-title":"Hydration and physical performance","volume":"26","author":"Murray, B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murray, B. (2007). Hydration and physical performance. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(Suppl. 5), 542S\u2013548S. 10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719656"},{"issue":"5","key":"r31","series-title":"European Journal of Sport Science,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1438520","article-title":"The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion cycling performance","volume":"18","author":"Naharudin, M.N.B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naharudin, M.N.B., & Yusof, A. (2018). The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion cycling performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(5), 667\u2013676. 10.1080\/17461391.2018.1438520"},{"issue":"8","key":"r32","series-title":"Experimental Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086352","article-title":"Differential control of respiratory frequency and tidal volume during high\u2010intensity interval training","volume":"102","author":"Nicol\u00f2, A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nicol\u00f2, A., Marcora, S.M., Bazzucchi, I., & Sacchetti, M. (2017). Differential control of respiratory frequency and tidal volume during high\u2010intensity interval training. Experimental Physiology, 102(8), 934\u2013949. 10.1113\/EP086352"},{"issue":"1","key":"r33","series-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0028","article-title":"Respiratory frequency as a marker of physical effort during high-intensity interval training in soccer players","volume":"15","author":"Nicol\u00f2, A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicol\u00f2, A., Montini, M., Girardi, M., Felici, F., Bazzucchi, I., & Sacchetti, M. (2020). Respiratory frequency as a marker of physical effort during high-intensity interval training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(1), 73\u201380. 10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0028"},{"issue":"10","key":"r34","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0738-7","article-title":"Fluid balance in team sport athletes and the effect of hypohydration on cognitive, technical, and physical performance","volume":"47","author":"Nuccio, R.P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nuccio, R.P., Barnes, K.A., Carter, J.M., & Baker, L.B. (2017). Fluid balance in team sport athletes and the effect of hypohydration on cognitive, technical, and physical performance. Sports Medicine, 47(10), 1951\u20131982. 10.1007\/s40279-017-0738-7"},{"key":"r35","series-title":"Frontiers in Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1322128","article-title":"Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise","volume":"11","author":"\u00d6zbay, S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zbay, S., Ulup\u0131nar, S., Gen\u00e7o\u011flu, C., Ouergui, I., \u00d6get, F., Y\u0131lmaz, H.H., Kishal\u0131, N.F., K\u0131y\u0131c\u0131, F., Asan, S., & U\u00e7an, \u0130. (2024). Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on performance, physiological responses, and bioenergetic pathway contributions during repeated sprint exercise. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, Article 1322128. 10.3389\/fnut.2024.1322128"},{"issue":"2","key":"r36","series-title":"Trends in Sport Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23829\/TSS.2025.32.2-6","article-title":"Impact of maximal sprinting speed on very high-speed running distance, sprinting distance and peak sprinting speed during soccer matches","volume":"32","author":"Papadakis, L.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Papadakis, L., Ispyrlidis, I., & Patras, K. (2025). Impact of maximal sprinting speed on very high-speed running distance, sprinting distance and peak sprinting speed during soccer matches. Trends in Sport Sciences, 32(2), Article 6. 10.23829\/TSS.2025.32.2-6"},{"key":"r37","series-title":"Physiological Reviews,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.202","article-title":"Exercise under heat stress: Thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies","volume":"10","author":"P\u00e9riard, J.D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9riard, J.D., Eijsvogels, T.M., & Daanen, H.A. (2021). Exercise under heat stress: Thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies. Physiological Reviews, 10, Article 202. 10.1152\/physrev.00038.202"},{"issue":"1","key":"r38","series-title":"Sports Medicine International Open,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0883-5540","article-title":"Activity profiles by position in youth elite soccer players in official matches","volume":"3","author":"Pettersen, S.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pettersen, S.A., & Brenn, T. (2019). Activity profiles by position in youth elite soccer players in official matches. Sports Medicine International Open, 3(1), E19\u2013E24. 10.1055\/a-0883-5540"},{"issue":"24","key":"r39","series-title":"Applied Sciences,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app122412635","article-title":"Match movement profiles differences in Spanish soccer competitive leagues according to opposition\u2019s team ranking: A comparison study","volume":"12","author":"Ponce-Bord\u00f3n, J.C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ponce-Bord\u00f3n, J.C., Nobari, H., Lobo-Trivi\u00f1o, D., Garc\u00eda-Calvo, T., Vicente-Gim\u00e9nez, J., Lopez del Campo, R., Resta, R., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Navarro, J. (2022). Match movement profiles differences in Spanish soccer competitive leagues according to opposition\u2019s team ranking: A comparison study. Applied Sciences, 12(24), Article 12635. 10.3390\/app122412635"},{"issue":"8","key":"r40","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0349-0","article-title":"Effect of hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: A meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Savoie, F.-A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Savoie, F.-A., Kenefick, R.W., Ely, B.R., Cheuvront, S.N., & Goulet, E.D. (2015). Effect of hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(8), 1207\u20131227. 10.1007\/s40279-015-0349-0"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"r41","series-title":"Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0395-7","article-title":"Hypohydration and human performance: Impact of environment and physiological mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Sawka, M.N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sawka, M.N., Cheuvront, S.N., & Kenefick, R.W. (2015). Hypohydration and human performance: Impact of environment and physiological mechanisms. Sports Medicine, 45(Suppl. 1), 51\u201360. 10.1007\/s40279-015-0395-7"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/STSIVA.2016.7743355","article-title":"\u201cHeart rate variability analysis during a dehydration protocol on athletes\u201d","author":"Severeyn, E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Severeyn, E., Vel\u00e1squez, J., Perpi\u00f1\u00e1n, G., Herrera, H., Pacheco, M., & Wong, S. (2016). \u201cHeart rate variability analysis during a dehydration protocol on athletes\u201d. 2016 XXI Symposium on Signal Processing, Images and Artificial Vision (STSIVA), Bucaramanga, Colombia (pp.\u00a01\u20137). 10.1109\/STSIVA.2016.7743355"},{"issue":"5","key":"r43","series-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.03.003","article-title":"The effect of participation in Ramadan on substrate selection during submaximal cycling exercise","volume":"11","author":"Stannard, S.R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stannard, S.R., & Thompson, M.W. (2008). The effect of participation in Ramadan on substrate selection during submaximal cycling exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(5), 510\u2013517. 10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.03.003"},{"issue":"1","key":"r44","series-title":"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2021.1950902","article-title":"The contribution of energy systems in repeated-sprint protocols: The effect of distance, rest, and repetition","volume":"94","author":"Ulup\u0131nar, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ulup\u0131nar, S., Haz\u0131r, T., & Kin \u0130\u015fler, A. (2023). The contribution of energy systems in repeated-sprint protocols: The effect of distance, rest, and repetition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 94(1), 173\u2013179. 10.1080\/02701367.2021.1950902"},{"issue":"25","key":"r45","series-title":"Journal of Computer and Education Research,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.18009\/jcer.1622772","article-title":"Evaluating KIP against SPSS: A reliable and valid statistical tool for academic research","volume":"13","author":"Ulup\u0131nar, S.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ulup\u0131nar, S., \u00d6zbay, S., Ulup\u0131nar, F., Asan, S., \u0130nce, \u0130., Bedir, D., Gen\u00e7o\u011flu, C., & \u00c7abuk, S. (2025). Evaluating KIP against SPSS: A reliable and valid statistical tool for academic research. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 13(25), 602\u2013627. 10.18009\/jcer.1622772"},{"issue":"7","key":"r46","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003160","article-title":"Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Vieira, A.F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vieira, A.F., Costa, R.R., Macedo, R.C.O., Coconcelli, L., & Kruel, L.F.M. (2016). Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(7), 1153\u20131164. 10.1017\/S0007114516003160"},{"issue":"6","key":"r47","series-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032037","article-title":"Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players","volume":"41","author":"Zerguini, Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zerguini, Y., Kirkendall, D., Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2007). Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(6), 398\u2013400. 10.1136\/bjsm.2006.032037"},{"key":"r48","series-title":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S224919","article-title":"Exercise training and fasting: Current insights","volume":"11","author":"Zouhal, H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zouhal, H., Saeidi, A., Salhi, A., Li, H., Essop, M.F., Laher, I., Rhibi, F., Amani-Shalamzari, S., & Ben Abderrahman, A. (2020). Exercise training and fasting: Current insights. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 11, 1\u201328. 10.2147\/OAJSM.S224919"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/36\/4\/article-p417.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/36\/4\/article-p417.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/36\/4\/article-p417.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:34:24Z","timestamp":1781109264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/36\/4\/article-p417.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0252","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-484X","1543-2742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-484X","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}