{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:41:36Z","timestamp":1792600896075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We examined factors that inform iron-deficiency screening practices in female athletes, with a focus on the menstrual cycle. Twenty-four National Rugby League athletes attended a 5-week training camp (age 21.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u00a0years old, body mass: 76.3\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1\u00a0kg, height: 164.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u00a0cm). Athletes were either naturally cycling (athleteNC;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200911) or using hormonal contraception (athleteHC;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913). Venous blood samples were collected during Phases 1, 2, and 4 of the menstrual cycle in athleteNC for determination of iron status. Three equally spaced, corresponding time points were sampled in athleteHC. Every 48\u00a0hr, a capillary blood sample was collected and analyzed for ferritin, hepcidin, creatine kinase, and C-reactive protein. No differences across menstrual phases or groups were evident for ferritin, hepcidin, transferrin or hemoglobin (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Serum iron (12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L to 16.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.045) and transferrin saturation (17.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.8% to 22.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.041) increased from Phase 1 to Phase 2 in athleteNC only, with no change seen in athleteHC. Ferritin (\u221216%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and hepcidin (\u221223%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) declined across the training camp in all athletes. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.039) were consistently higher in athleteHC compared with athleteNC, whereas creatine kinase activity were similar between groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.140). Our findings did not identify clear menstrual cycle phase\u2013related differences in markers of iron status or regulation, suggesting that the influence of cycle phase may be relatively small compared with other sources of variation. Practitioners should be mindful that athletes using hormonal contraceptives may report with greater C-reactive protein concentrations than naturally cycling athletes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2025-0257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:50:56Z","timestamp":1784253056000},"page":"612-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing Iron-Deficiency Screening for Female Athletes: Do We Need to Consider the Menstrual Cycle?"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-3886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alannah K.A.","family":"McKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5638-538X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5092-4610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madison","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolin","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1955-894X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Female Performance and Health Initiative, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Perth Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Research Institute, West Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-4033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clare","family":"Minahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Female Performance and Health Initiative, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Sports Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3895-0015","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Peeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mt Claremont, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2626-7785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s Health, Sports & Performance Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-5637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"r1","series-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology,","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05048-5","article-title":"Menstrual cycle affects iron homeostasis and hepcidin following interval running exercise in endurance-trained women","volume":"122","author":"Alfaro-Magallanes, V.M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alfaro-Magallanes, V.M., Barba-Moreno, L., Romero-Parra, N., Rael, B., Benito, P.J., Swinkels, D.W., Laarakkers, C.M., Diaz, A.E., Peinado, A.B., & The Iron FEMME Study Group. 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