{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:40:05Z","timestamp":1792881605557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"context\"><jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) is often ingested at a dose of 0.3 g\/kg body mass (BM), but ingestion protocols are inconsistent in terms of using solution or capsules, ingestion period, combining NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with sodium citrate (Na<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>C<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>), and coingested food and fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"purpose\"><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify the effect of ingesting 0.3 g\/kg NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> on blood pH, [HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2212], and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms over the subsequent 3 hr using a range of ingestion protocols and, thus, to determine an optimal protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a crossover design, 13 physically active subjects undertook 8 NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> experimental ingestion protocols and 1 placebo protocol. Capillary blood was taken every 30 min and analyzed for pH and [HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2212]. GI symptoms were quantified every 30 min via questionnaire. Statistics used were pairwise comparisons between protocols; differences were interpreted in relation to smallest worthwhile changes for each variable. A likelihood of &gt;75% was a substantial change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>[HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2212] and pH were substantially greater than in placebo for all other ingestion protocols at almost all time points. When NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was coingested with food, the greatest [HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2212] (30.9 mmol\/kg) and pH (7.49) and lowest incidence of GI symptoms were observed. The greatest incidence of GI side effects was observed 90 min after ingestion of 0.3 g\/kg NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The changes in pH and [HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2212] for the 8 NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>-ingestion protocols were similar, so an optimal protocol cannot be recommended. However, the results suggest that NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> coingested with a high-carbohydrate meal should be taken 120\u2013150 min before exercise to induce substantial blood alkalosis and reduce GI symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.21.3.189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T12:34:22Z","timestamp":1470832462000},"page":"189-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on [HCO3\u2212], pH, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amelia J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/21\/3\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/21\/3\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijsnem\/21\/3\/article-p189.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:50:58Z","timestamp":1724287858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijsnem\/21\/3\/article-p189.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.21.3.189","relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-484X","1543-2742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-484X","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}