{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:29:59Z","timestamp":1758893399597},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A meaningful association between changes (\u0394) in push-off angle or effectiveness (<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>) and changes in skating velocity (<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>) has been found during 5000-m races, although no significant association was found between changes in knee (\u03b8<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>) and trunk angle (\u03b8<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. It might be that speed skating event, sex, and performance level influence these associations.<\/jats:p><jats:sec sec-type=\"purpose\"><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the effect of skating event, sex, and performance level on the association between \u0394<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> and between \u0394\u03b8<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and \u0394\u03b8<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Video recordings were made from frontal (<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>) and sagittal views (\u03b8<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and \u03b8<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) during 1500- and 5000-m men\u2019s and women\u2019s World Cup races. Radio-frequency identification tags provided data of <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skating event influenced the association between \u0394<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>, which resulted in a significant association between \u0394<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> for the 5000-m (\u03b2 = \u20130.069, 95% confidence interval [\u20130.11, \u20130.030]) but not for the 1500-m (\u03b2 = \u20130.011 [\u20130.032, 0.010]). The association between \u0394\u03b8<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and \u0394\u03b8<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> was not significantly influenced by skating event. Sex and performance level did not substantially affect the association between \u0394<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> and between \u0394\u03b8<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> and \u0394\u03b8<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and \u0394<jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skating event significantly influenced the association between \u0394<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>v;<\/jats:italic> a 1\u00b0 change in <jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> results in a 0.011-m\/s decrease in <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> during the 1500-m and a 0.069-m\/s decrease in <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic> during the 5000-m. Thus, it seems especially important to maintain a small <jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic> during the 5000-m.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2012-0131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,9]],"date-time":"2014-01-09T16:17:23Z","timestamp":1389284243000},"page":"68-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Association Between Changes in Speed Skating Technique and Changes in Skating Velocity"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dionne A.","family":"Noordhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco J.M.","family":"Hoozemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos J.","family":"de Koning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/9\/1\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/9\/1\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:39:11Z","timestamp":1652985551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/9\/1\/article-p68.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2012-0131","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}