{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:28:15Z","timestamp":1780568895961,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"introduction\"><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anecdotal reports suggest that elite road motorcyclists suffer from high core body temperatures and physiological and perceptual strain when competing in hot conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four male non-heat-acclimatized elite motorcyclists (3 Superbike, 1 Supersport) had their gastrointestinal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate measured and recorded throughout practice, qualifying, and race sessions of an Australian Superbike and Supersport Championship round contested in tropical conditions. Physiological strain was calculated during the sessions, and fluid-balance measures were taken during practice and qualifying. Rider thermal sensation was assessed immediately postsession.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean ambient temperature and relative humidity were 29.5\u201330.2\u00b0C and 64.5\u201368.7%, respectively, across the sessions. Gastrointestinal temperature rose from 37.6\u00b0C to 37.7\u00b0C presession at a median rate of 0.035\u00b0C, 0.037\u00b0C ,and 0.067\u00b0C\/min during practice, qualifying, and race sessions to reach medians of 38.9\u00b0C, 38.8\u00b0C, and 39.1\u00b0C postsession, respectively. The peak postsession gastrointestinal temperature was 39.8\u00b0C. Median heart rates were ~164, 160, and 177 beats\/min during the respective practice, qualifying, and race sessions, contributing to median physiological strain of 5.5, 5.6, and 6.2 across the sessions. Sweat rates were 1.01 and 0.90 L\/h during practice and qualifying sessions, while rider thermal sensation was very hot after each session.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This investigation confirms that elite road motorcyclists endure moderate to high physiological strain during practice, qualifying, and race sessions, exhibiting more-rapid rates of body-heat storage, higher core body temperatures, and higher physiological and perceptual strain than their stock-car-racing counterparts when competing in tropical conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,10]],"date-time":"2014-01-10T16:09:22Z","timestamp":1389370162000},"page":"887-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Responses of Elite Road Motorcyclists to Racing in Tropical Conditions: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Matt","family":"Brearley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kingsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2.2.182","volume":"2","author":"Brearley MB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform."},{"issue":"2","key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X12001847","volume":"28","author":"Brearley MB","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med."},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"R129","volume":"275","author":"Moran DS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(67)90002-3","volume":"1","author":"Gagge AP","year":"1967","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200209000-00009","volume":"34","author":"Tikuisis P","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"7","key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0040-2","volume":"43","author":"Potkanowicz ES","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"p_8","first-page":"5","volume":"6","author":"Lee JK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform."},{"issue":"2","key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.625968","volume":"30","author":"Siegel R","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sports Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"p_10","first-page":"25","volume":"20","author":"Brearley M","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mil Veterans Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-46.1.61","volume":"46","author":"Tyler CJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Athl Train."},{"issue":"2","key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31802ca597","volume":"39","author":"Sawka MN","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/9\/5\/article-p887.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/9\/5\/article-p887.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:40:13Z","timestamp":1652985613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/9\/5\/article-p887.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0409","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}