{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:08:10Z","timestamp":1765825690885},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"purpose\"><jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize relationships between propulsion, anthropometry, and performance in Paralympic swimming.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study of swimmers (13 male, 15 female) age 20.5 \u00b1 4.4 y was conducted. Subject locomotor categorizations were no physical disability (n = 8, classes S13\u2013S14) and low-severity (n = 11, classes S9\u2013S10) or midseverity disability (n = 9, classes S6\u2013S8). Full anthropometric profiles estimated muscle mass and body fat, a bilateral swim-bench ergometer quantified upper-body power production, and 100-m time trials quantified swimming performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Correlations between ergometer mean power and swimming performance increased with degree of physical disability (low-severity male <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .65, \u00b10.56, and female <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .68, \u00b10.64; midseverity, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .87, \u00b10.41, and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .79, \u00b10.75). The female midseverity group showed nearperfect (positive) relationships for taller swimmers\u2019 (with a greater muscle mass and longer arm span) swimming faster, while for female no- and low-severity-disability groups, greater muscle mass was associated with slower velocity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .78, \u00b10.43, and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .65, \u00b10.66). This was supported with lighter females (with less frontal surface area) in the low-severity group being faster (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .94, \u00b10.24). In a gender contrast, low-severity males with less muscle mass (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = -.64, \u00b10.56), high skinfolds (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .78, \u00b10.43), a longer arm span (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .58, \u00b10.60) or smaller frontal surface area (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = -.93, \u00b10.19) were detrimental to swimming-velocity production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low-severity male and midseverity female Paralympic swimmers should be encouraged to develop muscle mass and upper-body power to enhance swimming performance. The generalized anthropometric measures appear to be a secondary consideration for coaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,10]],"date-time":"2015-03-10T21:24:25Z","timestamp":1426022665000},"page":"978-985","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Relationships Between Propulsion and Anthropometry in Paralympic Swimmers"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Dingley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Pyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Burkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/8\/article-p978.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/8\/article-p978.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:45:05Z","timestamp":1652985905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/8\/article-p978.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0186","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}}}