{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:17:11Z","timestamp":1790846231826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"purpose\">\n<jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare the speed and heart-rate profiles during international skating and classical competitions in male and female world-class cross-country skiers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Four male and 5 female skiers performed individual time trials of 15 km (men) and 10 km (women) in the skating and classical techniques on 2 consecutive days. Races were performed on the same 5-km course. The course was mapped with GPS and a barometer to provide a valid course and elevation profile. Time, speed, and heart rate were determined for uphill, flat, and downhill terrains throughout the entire competition by wearing a GPS and a heart-rate monitor.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Times in uphill, flat, and downhill terrain were ~55%, 15\u201320%, and 25\u201330%, respectively, of the total race time for both techniques and genders. The average speed differences between skating and classical skiing were 9% and 11% for men and women, respectively, and these values were 12% and 15% for uphill, 8% and 13% for flat (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), and 2% and 1% for downhill terrain. The average speeds for men were 9% and 11% faster than for women in skating and classical, respectively, with corresponding numbers of 11% and 14% for uphill, 6% and 11% for flat, and 4% and 5% for downhill terrain (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Heart-rate profiles were relatively independent of technique and gender.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The greatest performance differences between the skating and classical techniques and between the 2 genders were found on uphill terrain. Therefore, these speed differences could not be explained by variations in exercise intensity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T19:02:02Z","timestamp":1423681322000},"page":"873-880","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Speed and Heart-Rate Profiles in Skating and Classical Cross-Country-Skiing Competitions"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Conor M.","family":"Bolger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kocbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Magdalen","family":"Hegge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/7\/article-p873.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/7\/article-p873.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T18:44:05Z","timestamp":1652985845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/10\/7\/article-p873.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0335","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}}}