{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:13:32Z","timestamp":1780557212953,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Context:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Track-cycling team pursuit (TP) is a highly technical effort involving 4 athletes completing 4\u00a0km from a standing start, often in less than 240\u00a0s. Transitions between athletes leading the team are obviously of utmost importance. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> To perform qualitative video analyses of transitions of world-class athletes in TP competitions. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Videos captured at 100\u00a0Hz were recorded for 77 races (including 96 different athletes) in 5 international track-cycling competitions (eg, UCI World Cups and World Championships) and analyzed for the 12 best teams in the UCI Track Cycling TP Olympic ranking. During TP, 1013 transitions were evaluated individually to extract quantitative (eg, average lead time, transition number, length, duration, height in the curve) and qualitative (quality of transition start, quality of return at the back of the team, distance between third and returning rider score) variables. Determination of correlation coefficients between extracted variables and end time allowed assessment of relationships between variables and relevance of the video analyses. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Overall quality of transitions and end time were significantly correlated (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.35, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002). Similarly, transition distance (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and duration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.35, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002) were positively correlated with end time. Conversely, no relationship was observed between transition number, average lead time, or height reached in the curve and end time. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Video analysis of TP races highlights the importance of quality transitions between riders, with preferably swift and short relays rather than longer lead times for faster race times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]],"date-time":"2017-03-14T14:38:02Z","timestamp":1489502282000},"page":"1305-1309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Qualitative Video Analysis of Track-Cycling Team Pursuit in World-Class Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Sigrist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Faiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199911000-00026","article-title":"Racing cyclist power requirements in the 4000-m individual and team pursuits","volume":"31","author":"Broker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199911000-00026","article-title":"Racing cyclist power requirements in the 4000-m individual and team pursuits","volume":"31","author":"Broker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(99)80178-9","article-title":"Determination of optimal pacing strategy in track cycling with an energy flow model","volume":"2","author":"de Koning","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6322-1_4","volume-title":"Advances in Metaheuristics","author":"Wagner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(00)80008-0","article-title":"The bioenergetics of World Class Cycling","volume":"3","author":"Jeukendrup","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000228956.75344.91","article-title":"Pacing strategy and the occurrence of fatigue in 4000-m cycling time trials","volume":"38","author":"Hettinga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"143","article-title":"An analytical model for track cycling","volume":"226","author":"Lukes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng Part P J Sports Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"104","article-title":"Notational analysis of sport: systems for better coaching and performance in sport","volume":"3","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200206000-00020","article-title":"The 4000-m team pursuit cycling world record: theoretical and practical aspects","volume":"34","author":"Schumacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","article-title":"Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science","volume":"30","author":"Hopkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"143","article-title":"An analytical model for track cycling","volume":"226","author":"Lukes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng Part P J Sports Eng Technol"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131070-00001","article-title":"Characteristics of track cycling","volume":"31","author":"Craig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6322-1_4","volume-title":"Advances in Metaheuristics","author":"Wagner","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011005","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4025792","article-title":"Cyclist drag in team pursuit: influence of cyclist sequence, stature, and arm spacing","volume":"136","author":"Defraeye","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214010-00004","article-title":"Energy expenditure, aerodynamics and medical problems in cycling. 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