{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:56:16Z","timestamp":1792032976153,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>To examine the effect of postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) protocols, compared with control (CON), on the magnitude and time course of core temperature (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>) responses.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Pooled-data analyses were used to examine the<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>responses of 157 subjects from previous postexercise CWI trials in the authors\u2019 laboratories. CWI protocols varied with different combinations of temperature, duration, immersion depth, and mode (continuous vs intermittent).<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>was examined as a double difference (\u0394\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>), calculated as the change in<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>in CWI condition minus the corresponding change in CON. The effect of CWI on \u0394\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>was assessed using separate linear mixed models across 2 time components (component 1, immersion; component 2, postintervention).<jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Intermittent CWI resulted in a mean decrease in \u0394\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>that was 0.25\u00b0C (0.10\u00b0C) (estimate [SE]) greater than continuous CWI during the immersion component (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). There was a significant effect of CWI temperature during the immersion component (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05), where reductions in water temperature of 1\u00b0C resulted in decreases in \u0394\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>of 0.03\u00b0C (0.01\u00b0C). Similarly, the effect of CWI duration was significant during the immersion component (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01), where every 1\u00a0min of immersion resulted in a decrease in \u0394\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>of 0.02\u00b0C (0.01\u00b0C). The peak difference in<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>between the CWI and CON interventions during the postimmersion component occurred at 60 min postintervention.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Variations in CWI mode, duration, and temperature may have a significant effect on the extent of change in<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>. Careful consideration should be given to determine the optimal amount of core cooling before deciding which combination of protocol factors to prescribe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T18:52:18Z","timestamp":1514487138000},"page":"917-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Core Temperature Responses to Cold-Water Immersion Recovery: A Pooled-Data Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Versey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Peiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Duffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey M.","family":"Minett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Crampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Askew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona L.","family":"Halson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H421","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01017.2008","article-title":"Effect of cold water immersion on postexercise parasympathetic reactivation","volume":"296","author":"Buchheit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3928\/19425864-20130702-03","article-title":"Comparison of active recovery in water and cold-water immersion after exhaustive exercise","volume":"5","author":"Getto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Athl Train Sports Health Care"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-989267","article-title":"Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery from fatigue","volume":"29","author":"Vaile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000980","article-title":"Stable and efficient multiple smoothing parameter estimation for generalized additive models","volume":"99","author":"Wood","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0431-7","article-title":"Can water temperature and immersion time influence the effect of cold water immersion on muscle soreness? 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