{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T01:57:54Z","timestamp":1771034274673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>To investigate the contribution from maximal speed (V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) and %V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>to the finish sprint speed obtained in a cross-country sprint in the classical and skating style, as well as the coinciding changes in kinematic patterns and the effect of pacing strategy on the %V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Twelve elite male cross-country skiers performed two 80-m V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>tests on flat terrain using the classical double-poling and skating G3 techniques, followed by 4 simulated 1.4-km sprint time trials, performed with conservative (controlled start) and positive (hard start) pacing strategies in both styles with a randomized order. In all cases, these time trials were finalized by sprinting maximally over the last 80 m (the V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>section).<jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Approximately 85% of V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>was obtained in the finish sprint of the 1.4-km competitions, with V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>and %V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>contributing similarly (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200951\u201378%) to explain the overall variance in finish sprint speed in all 4 cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). The changes in kinematic pattern from the V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>to the finish sprint included 11\u201322% reduced cycle rate in both styles (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), without any changes in cycle length. A 3.6% faster finish sprint speed, explained by higher cycle rate, was found by conservative pacing in classic style (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), whereas no difference was seen in skating.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>ability and %V<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>contributed similarly to explain the finish sprint speed, both in the classic and skating styles, and independent of pacing strategy. Therefore, sprint cross-country skiers should concurrently develop both these capacities and employ technical strategies where a high cycle rate can be sustained when fatigue occurs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,20]],"date-time":"2018-12-20T12:39:03Z","timestamp":1545309543000},"page":"788-795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effect of Maximal Speed Ability, Pacing Strategy, and Technique on the Finish Sprint of a Sprint Cross-Country Skiing 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