{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:21:20Z","timestamp":1771492880394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The optimal load for maximal power output during hang power cleans (HPCs) from a mechanical perspective is the 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) load; however, previous research has reported otherwise. The present study thus aimed to investigate the underlying factors that determine optimal load during HPCs. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Eight competitive Olympic weight lifters performed HPCs at 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 100% of their 1RM while the ground-reaction force and bar\/body kinematics were simultaneously recorded. The success criterion during HPC was set above parallel squat at the receiving position. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Both peak power and relative peak power were maximized at 80% 1RM (3975.7 [439.1]\u00a0W, 50.4 [6.6]\u00a0W\/kg, respectively). Peak force, force at peak power, and relative values tended to increase with heavier loads (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), while peak system velocity and system velocity at peak power decreased significantly above 80% 1RM (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.005 and .011, respectively). There were also significant decreases in peak bar velocity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and bar displacement (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) toward heavier loads. There was a strong positive correlation between peak bar velocity and bar displacement in 7 of 8 subjects (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.90, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). The knee joint angle at the receiving position fell below the quarter-squat position above 70% 1RM. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Submaximal loads were indeed optimal for maximal power output for HPC when the success criterion was set above the parallel-squat position. However, when the success criterion was defined as the quarter-squat position, the optimal load became the 1RM load.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T13:23:35Z","timestamp":1554729815000},"page":"18-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Is the Optimal Load for Maximal Power Output During Hang Power Cleans Submaximal?"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Takei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"ref291","first-page":"140","article-title":"Power and maximum strength relationships during 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