{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:50:27Z","timestamp":1793303427025,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Hot-water immersion (HWI) after training in temperate conditions has been shown to induce thermophysiological adaptations and improve endurance performance in the heat; however, the potential additive effects of HWI and training in hot outdoor conditions remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated postexercise HWI in athletes training in a hot environment. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 13 (9 female) elite\/preelite racewalkers completed a 15-day training program in outdoor heat (mean afternoon high temperature\u2009=\u200934.6\u00b0C). Athletes were divided into 2 matched groups that completed either HWI (40\u00b0C for 30\u201340\u00a0min) or seated rest in 21\u00b0C (CON), following 8 training sessions. Pre\u2013post testing included a 30-minute fixed-intensity walk in heat, laboratory incremental walk to exhaustion, and 10,000-m outdoor time trial. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Training frequency and volume were similar between groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.54). Core temperature was significantly higher during immersion in HWI (38.5\u00a0[0.3]) than CON (37.8\u00b0C [0.2\u00b0C]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). There were no differences between groups in resting or exercise rectal temperature or heart rate, skin temperature, sweat rate, or the speed at lactate threshold 2, maximal O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> uptake, or 10,000-m performance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). There were significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) pre\u2013post differences for both groups in submaximal exercising heart rate (\u223c11\u00a0beats\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), sweat rate (0.34\u20130.55\u00a0L\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and thermal comfort (1.2\u20131.5 arbitrary units), and 10,000-m racewalking performance time (\u223c3\u00a0min). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in markers of heat adaptation and performance; however, the addition of HWI did not provide further enhancements. Improvements in adaptation appeared to be maximized by the training program in hot conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T01:50:29Z","timestamp":1598925029000},"page":"480-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion Does Not Further Enhance Heat Adaptation or Performance in Endurance Athletes Training in a Hot Environment"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.R.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Vallance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russ","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Urwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien D.","family":"P\u00e9riard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0277-4","article-title":"Adaptation to hot environmental conditions: an exploration of the performance basis, procedures and future directions to optimise opportunities for elite athletes","volume":"45","author":"Guy JH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guy JH, Deakin GB, Edwards AM, Miller CM, Pyne DB. 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