{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T03:32:35Z","timestamp":1785209555335,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Increasing age, high quadriceps strength, and low hamstring muscle strength are associated with hamstring strain injury in soccer. The authors investigated the age-related variation in maximal hamstring and quadriceps strength in male elite soccer players from under-13 (U-13) to the senior level. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 125 elite soccer players were included from a Danish professional soccer club and associated youth academy (first tier; U-13, n\u2009=\u200919; U-14, n\u2009=\u200916; U-15, n\u2009=\u200919; U-17, n\u2009=\u200924; U-19, n\u2009=\u200917; and senior, n\u2009=\u200930). Maximal voluntary isometric force was assessed for the hamstrings at 15\u00b0 knee joint angle and for the quadriceps at 60\u00b0 knee joint angle (0\u00b0\u2009=\u2009full extension) using an external-fixated handheld dynamometer. Hamstring-to-quadriceps strength (H:Q) ratio and hamstring and quadriceps maximal voluntary isometric force levels were compared across age groups (U-13 to senior). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Senior players showed 18% to 26% lower H:Q ratio compared with all younger age groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.026). Specific H:Q ratios (mean [95% confidence interval]) were as follows: senior, 0.45 (0.42\u20130.48); U-19, 0.61 (0.55\u20130.66); U-17, 0.56 (0.51\u20130.60); U-15, 0.59 (0.54\u20130.64); U-14, 0.54 (0.50\u20130.59); and U-13, 0.57 (0.51\u20130.62). Hamstring strength increased from U-13 to U-19 with a significant drop from U-19 to the senior level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.048), whereas quadriceps strength increased gradually from U-13 to senior level. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Elite senior soccer players demonstrate lower H:Q ratio compared with youth players, which is driven by lower hamstring strength at the senior level compared with the U-19 level combined with a higher quadriceps strength. This discrepancy in hamstring and quadriceps strength capacity may place senior-level players at increased risk of hamstring muscle strain injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T13:30:20Z","timestamp":1619098220000},"page":"1538-1544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hamstring and Quadriceps Muscle Strength in Youth to Senior Elite Soccer: A Cross-Sectional Study Including 125 Players"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lasse","family":"Ish\u00f8i","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Krommes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias F.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper B.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"H\u00f6lmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Aagaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.J.","family":"Penalver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Thorborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"r1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1461","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical outcome comparison of indirect (\u2018strain\u2019) versus direct (\u2018contusion\u2019) anterior and posterior thigh muscle injuries in male elite football players: UEFA Elite League study of 2287 thigh injuries","volume":"49","author":"Ueblacker P","year":"2001\u20132013","unstructured":"Ueblacker P, Muller-Wohlfahrt HW, Ekstrand J. 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