{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:30:46Z","timestamp":1790793046427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To examine whether an ecologically valid, intermittent, sprint-based warm-up strategy impacted the ergogenic capacity of individualized sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) ingestion on 4-km cycling time-trial (TT) performance. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 8 male cyclists attended 6 laboratory visits for familiarization, determination of time to peak blood bicarbonate, and 4\u2009\u00d7\u20094-km cycling TTs. Experimental beverages were administered doubleblind. Treatments were conducted in a block-randomized, crossover order: intermittent warm-up\u2009+\u2009NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (IWSB), intermittent warm-up\u2009+\u2009placebo, control warm-up\u2009+\u2009NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (CWSB), and control warm-up\u2009+\u2009placebo (CWP). The intermittent warm-up comprised exercise corresponding to lactate threshold (5\u00a0min at 50%, 2\u00a0min at 60%, 2\u00a0min at 80%, 1\u00a0min at 100%, and 2\u00a0min at 50%) and 3\u2009\u00d7\u200910-second maximal sprints. The control warm-up comprised 16.5\u00a0minutes cycling at 150\u00a0W. Participants ingested 0.3\u00a0g\u00b7kg body mass<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> or 0.03\u00a0g\u00b7kg body mass<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> sodium chloride (placebo) in 5\u00a0mL\u00b7kg body mass<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> fluid (3:2, water and sugar-free orange squash). Paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests were conducted for TT performance. Hematological data (blood bicarbonate and blood lactate) and gastrointestinal discomfort were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Performance was faster for CWSB versus IWSB (5.0 [6.1]\u00a0s; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.052) and CWP (5.8 [6.0]\u00a0s; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03). Pre-TT bicarbonate concentration was elevated for CWSB versus IWSB (+9.3\u00a0mmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and CWP (+7.1\u00a0mmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Post-TT blood lactate concentration was elevated for CWSB versus CWP (+2.52\u00a0mmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.022). Belching was exacerbated pre-warm-up for IWSB versus intermittent warm-up\u2009+placebo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.046) and CWP (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.027). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> An intermittent, sprint-based warm-up mitigated the ergogenic benefits of NaHCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> ingestion on 4-km cycling TT performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T08:36:13Z","timestamp":1617870973000},"page":"1573-1579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of Warm-Up and Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on 4-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"William H.","family":"Gurton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve H.","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth M.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Physiol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2007","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms","volume":"88","author":"Allen DG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H. 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