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Gross efficiency was calculated during submaximal uphill treadmill roller skiing (approximately 84% of peak oxygen uptake [<jats:inline-formula\/>]) using the G2 ski-skating technique. Distance covered, <jats:inline-formula\/>, and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit were established from a 3-minute time-trial. Fifteen-second maximal skiing power was calculated from an incremental treadmill speed test. Finally, upper- and lower-body maximal strength tests were conducted. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The 3-minute time-trial distance and maximal skiing power were, respectively, 23% and 15% (adolescent), 24% and 19% (junior), and 17% and 14% (senior) greater for men than women (all groups, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.01, effect size [ES]\u2009=\u20092.43\u20134.18; very large). <jats:inline-formula\/> relative to body mass was 17% (adolescent, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002, ES\u2009=\u20091.66, large), 21% (junior, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01, ES\u2009=\u20092.60, very large), and 19% (senior, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01, ES\u2009=\u20092.35, very large) greater for men than women. The within-age-group sex differences in gross efficiency, relative accumulated oxygen deficit, and strength were not significant, with the exception of greater lower-body strength in male than female juniors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01, ES\u2009=\u20091.26, large). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The within-age-group sex difference in skiing performance is of similar magnitude for adolescent, junior, and senior skiers. This difference can likely be attributed to the large to very large sex difference in <jats:inline-formula\/> within all age-groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T17:27:17Z","timestamp":1657646837000},"page":"1304-1311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sex Differences in Physiological Determinants of Performance in Elite Adolescent, Junior, and Senior Cross-Country Skiers"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ove","family":"Sollie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Losnegard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Clin Endocrinol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13350","article-title":"Sex differences in athletic performance emerge coinciding with the onset of male puberty","volume":"87","author":"Handelsman DJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Handelsman DJ. 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