{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:26:12Z","timestamp":1768911972530,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> The Doha 2019 women\u2019s World Championship marathon took place in extreme hot (32\u2009\u00b0C), humid conditions (74% relative humidity) culminating in unprecedented (41%) failure rates. We explored whether extreme heat or suboptimal pacing was responsible for diminished performance against a temperate \u201ccontrol\u201d (London 2017: 19\u2009\u00b0C, 59% relative humidity) and whether physical characteristics (eg,\u00a0body surface area, estimated maximal oxygen uptake, habitual heat exposure) explained performance. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Five-kilometer-pace (km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) data underwent repeated-measures analyses of hot (Doha, n\u2009=\u200940) versus temperate pacing and performance (London, n\u2009=\u200978) within and between marathon pacing (finisher quartiles normalized against personal best; n\u2009=\u200910 per group) and within hot marathon finishers versus nonfinishers (up to 10\u00a0km; normalized data). Possible predictors (multiple regression) of hot marathon pacing were explored. Tests to .05 alpha level, partial eta squared (<jats:inline-formula\/>) indicates effect size. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Mean (SD) of Doha (14.82 [0.96]\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) pace was slower (London: 15.74 [0.96] km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.00; <jats:inline-formula\/>). In hot conditions, athletes finishing in positions 1 to 10 (group 1) started more conservatively (93.7% [2.1%] of personal best) than slower runners (groups 3 and 4; 96.6% [2.8%] of personal best; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05, <jats:inline-formula\/>). Groups were not different at 15\u00a0km and then slowed immediately (groups 3 and 4) or after 20\u00a0km (group 2). Finishers and nonfinishers adopted similar pace up to 10\u00a0km (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05, <jats:inline-formula\/>). World ranking predicted (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.00; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009.248) average pace in Doha. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Extreme hot conditions reduced performance. Top 10 athletes adopted a conservative initial pace, whereas lower-placing athletes adopted a faster, aggressive start. Pacing alone does not explain high failure rates in nonfinishers. Athletes competing in the heat should initially pace conservatively to optimize performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T11:58:01Z","timestamp":1652788681000},"page":"1119-1125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Marathon Performance and Pacing in the Doha 2019 Women\u2019s IAAF World Championships: Extreme Heat, Suboptimal Pacing, and High Failure Rates"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Harry","family":"Beal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Horsforth, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Corbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Horsforth, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Barwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Horsforth, Leeds, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"r1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships","volume":"55","author":"Racinais S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Racinais S, Ihsan M, Taylor L, et\u00a0al. 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