{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1785329261667,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To assess objective strain and subjective muscle soreness in \u201cBigs\u201d (offensive and defensive line), \u201cCombos\u201d (tight ends, quarterbacks, line backers, and running backs), and \u201cSkills\u201d (wide receivers and defensive backs) in American college football players during off-season, fall camp, and in-season phases. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Twenty-three male players were assessed once weekly (3-wk off-season, 4-wk fall camp, and 3-wk in-season) for hydroperoxides (free oxygen radical test [FORT]), antioxidant capacity (free oxygen radical defense test [FORD]), oxidative stress index (OSI), countermovement-jump flight time, Reactive Strength Index (RSI) modified, and subjective soreness. Linear mixed models analyzed the effect of a 2-within-subject-SD change between predictor and dependent variables. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Compared to fall camp and in-season phases, off-season FORT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001), FORD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001), OSI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001), flight time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001), RSI modified (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001), and soreness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001) were higher for \u201cBigs,\u201d whereas FORT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001 and &lt;.001) and OSI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02 and &lt;.001) were lower for \u201cCombos.\u201d FORT was higher for \u201cBigs\u201d compared to \u201cCombos\u201d in all phases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001, .02, and .01). FORD was higher for \u201cSkills\u201d compared with \u201cBigs\u201d in off-season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and \u201cCombos\u201d in-season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). OSI was higher for \u201cBigs\u201d compared with \u201cCombos\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001) and \u201cSkills\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) during off-season and to \u201cCombos\u201d in-season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001). Flight time was higher for \u201cSkills\u201d in fall camp compared with \u201cBigs\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04) and to \u201cCombos\u201d in-season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01). RSI modified was higher for \u201cSkills\u201d during off-season compared with \u201cBigs\u201d (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) and \u201cCombos\u201d during fall camp (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03), and in-season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Off-season American college football training resulted in higher objective strain and subjective muscle soreness in \u201cBigs\u201d compared with fall camp and during in-season compared with \u201cCombos\u201d and \u201cSkills\u201d players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T14:12:35Z","timestamp":1681481555000},"page":"625-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Objective Measures of Strain and Subjective Muscle Soreness Differ Between Positional Groups and Season Phases in American College Football"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9792-3088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"McKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Athletics Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jace A.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Celtics, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-444X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Simpkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5916-7276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Theresa","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education & Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diarmuid","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orreco Ltd, Business Innovation Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-9101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles R.","family":"Pedlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orreco Ltd, Business Innovation Unit, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Sciences, St Mary\u2019s University, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-7757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John A.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Medical and Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","article-title":"Body composition and bone mineral density of division 1 collegiate football players, a consortium of college athlete research (C-CAR) study","volume":"33","author":"Bosch TA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bosch TA, Carbuhn A, Stanforth PR, Oliver JM, Keller KA, Dengel DR. 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