{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:56:04Z","timestamp":1780052164581,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>To examine the effects of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCHO), periodized-carbohydrate (CHO) diet (PCHO), and ketogenic low-CHO high-fat diet (LCHF) on training capacity.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Elite male racewalkers completed 3\u00a0weeks of periodic training while adhering to their dietary intervention. Twenty-nine data sets were collected from 21 athletes. Each week, 6 mandatory training sessions were completed, with additional sessions performed at the athlete\u2019s discretion. Mandatory sessions included an interval session (10\u2009\u00d7\u20091-km efforts on a 6-min cycle), tempo session (14\u00a0km with a 450-m elevation gain), 2 long walks (25\u201340\u00a0km), and 2 easy walks (8\u201312\u00a0km) where \u201csleep-low\u201d and \u201ctrain-low\u201d dietary strategies were employed for PCHO. Racewalking speed, heart rate, rating of perceived exhaustion, and blood metabolites were collected around key sessions.<jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>LCHF covered less total distance than HCHO and PCHO (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001); however, no differences in training load between groups were evident (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.285). During the interval sessions, walking speed was slower in LCHF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001), equating to a 2.8% and 5.6% faster speed in HCHO and PCHO, respectively. LCHF was also 3.2% slower in completing the tempo session than HCHO and PCHO (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). Heart rate was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002) and lactate concentrations were lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in LCHF compared to other groups, despite slower walking speeds during the interval session. No between-groups differences in rating of perceived exhaustion were evident (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.077).<jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic>Athletes adhering to an LCHF diet showed impaired training capacity relative to their high-CHO-supported counterparts, completing lower training volumes at slower speeds, with higher heart rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T17:22:06Z","timestamp":1685640126000},"page":"686-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adherence to a Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Is Associated With Diminished Training Quality in Elite Racewalkers"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-3886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alannah K.A.","family":"McKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L.R.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1130-9516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolin","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avish P.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Institute of Sport, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill J.","family":"Leckey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AusCycling, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-5637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"r1","series-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab","first-page":"451","article-title":"Toward a common understanding of diet-exercise strategies to manipulate fuel availability for training and competition preparation in endurance sport","volume":"28","author":"Burke LM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burke LM, Hawley JA, Jeukendrup A, Morton JP, Stellingwerff T, Maughan RJ. 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