{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:47:31Z","timestamp":1787899651757,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To describe and compare the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Daily training sessions for 1\u00a0year were recorded for 45 XC skiers and 26 biathletes, comprising international\/national team (inter[national]) and nonnational\/regional team members (nonnational) of both junior and senior age. Endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, and power training sessions were recorded. Data included exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The total annual physical training volume consisted of \u223c90% endurance training for both groups, although XC skiers had significantly higher total volumes (\u223c10%; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003; d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.78) than biathletes. Senior XC skiers performed more training hours of skiing and\/or roller skiing compared with biathletes over the season. However, biathletes compensated for this lower volume by more skating and a higher proportion of endurance training as skiing (81% [17%]) compared with XC skiers (68% [16%]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u2009.001; d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.94). Overall, (inter)national-level athletes completed a higher annual training volume than non-national-level athletes (740 [90]\u00a0h vs 649 [95]\u00a0h; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004;d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.81). Although juniors reported less endurance volume than seniors, they maintained a relatively stable level of endurance training across the preparatory and competition period, unlike senior athletes. Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The higher annual physical training volume by XC skiers compared with biathletes is likely caused by the different demands of the 2 sports; XC skiing necessitates training for 2 skiing styles, while biathlon requires additional shooting practice. However, biathletes compensate with a higher proportion of ski training, particularly in the skating technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T18:00:16Z","timestamp":1697047216000},"page":"19-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Annual Volume and Distribution of Physical Training in Norwegian Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes: A Comparison Between Sports, Competition Levels, and Age Categories\u2014The FENDURA Project"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-8521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John O.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7354-8910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guro S.","family":"Solli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nord University, Bod\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1823-7087","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tina P.","family":"Engseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3805-1615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Boye","family":"Welde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-0342","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bente","family":"Morseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-4696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dionne A.","family":"Noordhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-5152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Center for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-1218","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik P.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Center, Mid Sweden University, \u00d6stersund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"254","article-title":"The evolution of champion cross-country-skier training: from lumberjacks to professional athletes","volume":"12","author":"Sandbakk \u00d8","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandbakk \u00d8. 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