{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:12:37Z","timestamp":1747188757092,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To evaluate the contribution of splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid, and upper fibers of trapezius activation to the gains in rate of force development (RFD) of the head and neck during maximum voluntary ballistic contractions. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> RFD gain was facilitated by a single-session intervention for maximum voluntary ballistic contractions in the anterior direction, oriented at 45\u00b0 to the midsagittal plane, which require active restraint of axial rotation. Muscle activation for the agonist (sternocleidomastoid) and 2 antagonists (splenius capitis and upper fibers of trapezius) was evaluated. The study sample included 12 physically active men (mean age, 22.6\u00a0y). RFD (N\u00b7m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; 0\u2013100\u00a0ms) and integrated muscle activity (50\u00a0ms before and 100\u00a0ms after force onset) were measured at 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 2 days postintervention, relative to baseline. Muscle activation predictive of RFD gains was evaluated by linear regression analysis. RFD reproducibility was evaluated using the coefficient of variation of the typical error. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The intervention yielded a 1.95- to 2.39-fold RFD gain (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.05), with greater RFD gain for participants with a lower peak moment of force (&lt;10.9\u00a0N\u00b7m) than those with a higher peak moment (\u226510.9\u00a0N\u00b7m) at baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.002). For the low group, 65% to 74% of the RFD gain was predicted by ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid activation, with ipsilateral splenius capitis activation predicting 77% to 92% of RFD gain for the high group. Absolute peak and impulse of static force were greater for the high than for the low group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.04). RFD reproducibility was high (coefficient of variation of the typical error\u2009\u2264\u200914.4%). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> The agonist- and antagonist-focused synergies might reflect different functional priorities, higher RFD gain compared with higher head\u2013neck force.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T18:22:40Z","timestamp":1691086960000},"page":"1179-1188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictive Contribution of the Superficial Neck Muscles to Short-Latency Rate of Force Development of the Head and Neck"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lucie","family":"Pelland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian A.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2764-129X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wissal","family":"Mesfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-0125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kodjo","family":"Moglo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med","first-page":"2373","article-title":"Injury reduction programs for reducing the incidence of sport-related head and neck injuries including concussion: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Elliott J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elliott J, Heron N, Versteegh T, et\u00a0al. 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