{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:25:41Z","timestamp":1773289541409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To compare the effects of graded hypoxia during exhaustive intermittent cycling on subsequent rapid and maximal torque-production capacity. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Fifteen well-trained cyclists repeated intermittent cycling bouts (15\u00a0s at 30% of anaerobic power reserve; rest\u2009=\u200945\u00a0s) until exhaustion at sea level (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u223c0.21\/end-exercise arterial oxygen saturation \u223c96%), moderate hypoxia (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u223c0.16\/\u223c90%), and severe hypoxia (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u223c0.12\/\u223c79%). Rapid (rate of torque development [RTD]) and maximal isometric torque-production capacities of the knee extensors were assessed at baseline (visit 1) and exhaustion (visits 2\u20134). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Exercise capacity decreased with hypoxia severity (39 [30], 22 [13], and 13 [6] cycle efforts in sea level, moderate hypoxia, and severe hypoxia, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002). Changes in maximal-voluntary-contraction torque between baseline and postexercise in all conditions were not statistically significant (pooled values: \u22122.6% [5.7%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.162). Peak RTD measured postexercise was reduced below baseline in all conditions (\u201321.5% [5.1%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.015). Compared with baseline, absolute RTD values were lower at 0- to 30-millisecond (\u201335.1% [5.3%], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.020), 0- to 50-millisecond (\u201340.0% [3.9%], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.002), 0- to 100-millisecond (\u201330.7% [3.7%], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.001), and 0- to 200-millisecond (\u201318.1% [2.4%], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.004) time intervals in all conditions. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Exhaustive intermittent cycling induces substantial yet comparable impairments in RTD of knee extensors between normoxia and moderate to severe hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T19:38:44Z","timestamp":1692646724000},"page":"1352-1356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exhaustive Intermittent Cycling Preferentially Decreases Explosive Over Maximal Voluntary Torque in the Knee Extensors, With No Difference Between Normoxia and Moderate to Severe Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-182X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivier","family":"Girard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia"},{"name":"Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-4744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Racinais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"i52","article-title":"Tennis in hot and cool conditions decreases the rapid muscle torque production capacity of the knee extensors but not the plantar flexors","volume":"48","author":"Girard O","year":"2014","unstructured":"Girard O, Racinais S, P\u00e9riard J. Tennis in hot and cool conditions decreases the rapid muscle torque production capacity of the knee extensors but not the plantar flexors. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48:i52\u2013i58. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093286"},{"issue":"1","key":"r2","series-title":"Transl Sports Med","first-page":"39","article-title":"Badminton preferentially decreases explosive over maximal voluntary torque in both the plantar flexors and extensors","volume":"2","author":"Girard O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Girard O, Behan FP, Cabello- Manrique D, Fernandez-Fernandez J. Badminton preferentially decreases explosive over maximal voluntary torque in both the plantar flexors and extensors. 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