{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:00:02Z","timestamp":1792130402331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), knee muscle strength symmetry is used as part of the return-to-sport criteria. However, little is known about the changes in the force\u2013velocity (F\u2013V) relationship, which could affect athletic performance. This study investigated the F\u2013V relationship of knee muscles at 4 and 8\u00a0months after ACL-R, using the 2-point method tested by isokinetic dynamometry. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 103 physically trained individuals (24.6 [9.3]\u00a0y, 59.2% male) who underwent primary ACL-R were included. Demographic information and surgery characteristics were collected at 6\u00a0weeks postoperatively. Isokinetic knee flexors\u2019 and extensors\u2019 peak torques were measured at 60\u00b0 and 240\u00b0 per second in the concentric mode at 4 and 8 months\u00a0postoperative. Peak torques and angular velocities were converted to force and linear velocity for calculating maximum isometric force (F0) and the slope of the regression line (F\u2013V slope). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> At 4 and 8 months postoperative, F0 was significantly lower and F\u2013V slope was significantly less steep (less negative) on the operated leg compared with the nonoperated leg for knee extensors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and flexors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001\u2013.002). The limb symmetry index calculated using F0 was lower than the limb symmetry indexes assessed at 60\u00b0 and 240\u00b0 per second, especially for knee flexors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The use of patellar tendon grafts was associated with lower F0 and a less steep F\u2013V slope compared with hamstring tendon grafts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.010). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The isokinetic 2-point model assessing the F\u2013V relationship provides additional and relevant insight for evaluating knee muscle strength after ACL-R.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T11:18:30Z","timestamp":1693999110000},"page":"1336-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Changes in the Force\u2013Velocity Relationship of Knee Muscles After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Isokinetic 2-Point Model"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7670-8791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joffrey","family":"Drigny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Physique et de R\u00e9adaptation, Service de M\u00e9decine du Sport, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Universit\u00e9, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaelle","family":"Calm\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine du Sport, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Universit\u00e9, UNICAEN, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Reboursi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine du Sport, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Universit\u00e9, UNICAEN, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1011-6141","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christophe","family":"Hulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019orthop\u00e9die et de traumatologie, CHU de Caen Normandie, Normandie Universit\u00e9, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie Universit\u00e9, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"128","article-title":"Eighty-three per cent of elite athletes return to preinjury sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review with meta-analysis of return to sport rates, graft rupture rates and performance outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Lai CCH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lai CCH, Ardern CL, Feller JA, Webster KE. Eighty-three per cent of elite athletes return to preinjury sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review with meta-analysis of return to sport rates, graft rupture rates and performance outcomes. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(2):128\u2013138. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096836"},{"issue":"5","key":"r2","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"335","article-title":"Consensus criteria for defining \u201csuccessful outcome\u201d after ACL injury and reconstruction: A Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort investigation","volume":"49","author":"Lynch AD","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynch AD, Logerstedt DS, Grindem H, et\u00a0al. Consensus criteria for defining \u201csuccessful outcome\u201d after ACL injury and reconstruction: A Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort investigation. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(5):335\u2013342. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092299"},{"issue":"18","key":"r3","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Which criteria are used to clear patients to return to sport after primary ACL reconstruction? A scoping review","volume":"53","author":"Burgi CR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burgi CR, Peters S, Ardern CL, et\u00a0al. Which criteria are used to clear patients to return to sport after primary ACL reconstruction? A scoping review. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(18):1154\u20131161. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099982"},{"issue":"20","key":"r4","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Isokinetic muscle strength and readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: is there an association? A systematic review and a protocol recommendation","volume":"49","author":"Undheim MB","year":"2015","unstructured":"Undheim MB, Cosgrave C, King E, et\u00a0al. Isokinetic muscle strength and readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: is there an association? A systematic review and a protocol recommendation. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(20):1305\u20131310. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093962"},{"issue":"4","key":"r5","series-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med","article-title":"Isokinetic quadriceps symmetry helps in the decision to return to running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"65","author":"Dauty M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dauty M, Edouard P, Menu P, Mesland O, Fouasson-Chailloux A. Isokinetic quadriceps symmetry helps in the decision to return to running after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2022;65(4):101543. doi:10.1016\/j.rehab.2021.101543"},{"key":"r6","series-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med","article-title":"Knee strength symmetry at 4 months is associated with criteria and rates of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"65","author":"Drigny J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Drigny J, Ferrandez C, Gauthier A, et\u00a0al. Knee strength symmetry at 4 months is associated with criteria and rates of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2022;65:101646. doi:10.1016\/j.rehab.2022.101646"},{"issue":"2","key":"r7","series-title":"Sports Health","first-page":"167","article-title":"Factors that predict sagittal plane knee biomechanical symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a decision tree analysis","volume":"14","author":"Palmieri-Smith RM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palmieri-Smith RM, Curran MT, Garcia SA, Krishnan C. Factors that predict sagittal plane knee biomechanical symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a decision tree analysis. Sports Health. 2021;14(2):167\u2013175. doi:10.1177\/19417381211004932"},{"issue":"9","key":"r8","series-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA","first-page":"3025","article-title":"Autograft type affects muscle strength and hop performance after ACL reconstruction. A randomised controlled trial comparing patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts with standard or accelerated rehabilitation","volume":"29","author":"Cristiani R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cristiani R, Mikkelsen C, Wange P, Olsson D, St\u00e5lman A, Engstr\u00f6m B. Autograft type affects muscle strength and hop performance after ACL reconstruction. A randomised controlled trial comparing patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts with standard or accelerated rehabilitation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA. 2021;29(9):3025\u20133036. doi:10.1007\/s00167-020-06334-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"r9","series-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc","first-page":"816","article-title":"Hop tests can result in higher limb symmetry index values than isokinetic strength and leg press tests in patients following ACL reconstruction","volume":"28","author":"Nagai T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagai T, Schilaty ND, Laskowski ER, Hewett TE. Hop tests can result in higher limb symmetry index values than isokinetic strength and leg press tests in patients following ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2020;28(3):816\u2013822. doi:10.1007\/s00167-019-05513-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"r10","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","first-page":"607","article-title":"The in vivo force-velocity relationship of the knee flexors and extensors","volume":"17","author":"Prietto CA","year":"1989","unstructured":"Prietto CA, Caiozzo VJ. The in vivo force-velocity relationship of the knee flexors and extensors. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17(5):607\u2013611. doi:10.1177\/036354658901700503"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Front Physiol","article-title":"On the shape of the force-velocity relationship in skeletal muscles: the linear, the hyperbolic, and the double-hyperbolic","volume":"10","author":"Alcazar J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alcazar J, Csapo R, Ara I, Alegre LM. On the shape of the force-velocity relationship in skeletal muscles: the linear, the hyperbolic, and the double-hyperbolic. Front Physiol. 2019;10:769. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00769. Accessed March 8, 2023."},{"issue":"843","key":"r12","series-title":"Proc R Soc Lond Ser B - Biol Sci","first-page":"136","article-title":"The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle","volume":"126","author":"Hill AV","year":"1938","unstructured":"Hill AV. The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B - Biol Sci. 1938;126(843):136\u2013195. doi:10.1098\/rspb.1938.0050"},{"issue":"9","key":"r13","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"699","article-title":"Force-velocity relationship of muscles performing multi-joint maximum performance tasks","volume":"36","author":"Jaric S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jaric S. Force-velocity relationship of muscles performing multi-joint maximum performance tasks. Int J Sports Med. 2015;36(9):699\u2013704. doi:10.1055\/s-0035-1547283"},{"issue":"2","key":"r14","series-title":"Strength Cond J","article-title":"Two-point method: a quick and fatigue-free procedure for assessment of muscle mechanical capacities and the 1 repetition maximum","volume":"40","author":"Garcia-Ramos A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garcia-Ramos A, Jaric S. Two-point method: a quick and fatigue-free procedure for assessment of muscle mechanical capacities and the 1 repetition maximum. Strength Cond J. 2018;40(2):359. doi:10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000359"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Sports Biomech","article-title":"The linear regression model provides the force-velocity relationship parameters with the highest reliability","author":"P\u00e9rez-Castilla A","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Castilla A, Samozino P, Jukic I, Iglesias-Soler E, Garc\u00eda-Ramos A. The linear regression model provides the force-velocity relationship parameters with the highest reliability. Sports Biomech. Published online April 4, 2022. doi:10.1080\/14763141.2022.2058992"},{"issue":"20","key":"r16","series-title":"J Sports Sci","first-page":"2396","article-title":"Feasibility of the two-point method for assessing the force-velocity relationship during lower-body and upper-body isokinetic tests","volume":"37","author":"Janicijevic D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Janicijevic D, Garc\u00eda-Ramos A, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM. Feasibility of the two-point method for assessing the force-velocity relationship during lower-body and upper-body isokinetic tests. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(20):2396\u20132402. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2019.1636523"},{"issue":"10","key":"r17","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","first-page":"741","article-title":"A novel two-velocity method for elaborate isokinetic testing of knee extensors","volume":"38","author":"Grbic V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grbic V, Djuric S, Knezevic OM, Mirkov DM, Nedeljkovic A, Jaric S. A novel two-velocity method for elaborate isokinetic testing of knee extensors. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38(10):741\u2013746. doi:10.1055\/s-0043-113043"},{"key":"r18","series-title":"Front Physiol","article-title":"The validity of the 2-point method for assessing the force-velocity relationship of the knee flexors and knee extensors: the relevance of distant force-velocity testing","volume":"13","author":"Sa\u0161ek M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sa\u0161ek M, Mirkov DM, Had\u017ei\u0107 V, \u0160arabon N. The validity of the 2-point method for assessing the force-velocity relationship of the knee flexors and knee extensors: the relevance of distant force-velocity testing. Front Physiol. 2022;13:849275. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2022.849275"},{"issue":"22","key":"r19","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"Isokinetic testing: sensitivity of the force-velocity relationship assessed through the two-point method to discriminate between muscle groups and participants\u2019 physical activity levels","volume":"17","author":"Janicijevic D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Janicijevic D, Knezevic OM, Garcia-Ramos A, Cvetic D, Mirkov DM. Isokinetic testing: sensitivity of the force-velocity relationship assessed through the two-point method to discriminate between muscle groups and participants\u2019 physical activity levels. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):8570. doi:10.3390\/ijerph17228570"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","first-page":"267","article-title":"Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training","volume":"11","author":"Morin JB","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morin JB, Samozino P. Interpreting power-force-velocity profiles for individualized and specific training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2016;11(2):267\u2013272. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0638"},{"issue":"2","key":"r21","series-title":"Sports Med Auckl NZ","first-page":"321","article-title":"Neuromuscular function of the knee joint following knee injuries: does it ever get back to normal? A systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"51","author":"Tayfur B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tayfur B, Charuphongsa C, Morrissey D, Miller SC. Neuromuscular function of the knee joint following knee injuries: does it ever get back to normal? A systematic review with meta-analyses. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2021;51(2):321\u2013338. doi:10.1007\/s40279-020-01386-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"r22","series-title":"Acta Bioeng Biomech","first-page":"107","article-title":"Muscle strength capacities in elite football players after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"23","author":"Milutinovic A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Milutinovic A, Copic N, Petrovic A, Dabovic M, Janicijevic D. Muscle strength capacities in elite football players after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2021;23(2):107\u2013114."},{"issue":"6","key":"r23","series-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging","first-page":"346","article-title":"Reliability of knee extension and flexion measurements using the Con-Trex isokinetic dynamometer","volume":"27","author":"Maffiuletti NA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maffiuletti NA, Bizzini M, Desbrosses K, Babault N, Munzinger U. Reliability of knee extension and flexion measurements using the Con-Trex isokinetic dynamometer. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2007;27(6):346\u2013353. doi:10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2007.00758.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"r24","series-title":"Sports Med Auckl NZ","first-page":"615","article-title":"Muscle strength testing: use of normalisation for body size","volume":"32","author":"Jaric S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jaric S. Muscle strength testing: use of normalisation for body size. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2002;32(10):615\u2013631. doi:10.2165\/00007256-200232100-00002"},{"issue":"18","key":"r25","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Cellular and morphological alterations in the vastus lateralis muscle as the result of ACL injury and reconstruction","volume":"98","author":"Noehren B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noehren B, Andersen A, Hardy P, et\u00a0al. Cellular and morphological alterations in the vastus lateralis muscle as the result of ACL injury and reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(18):1541\u20131547. doi:10.2106\/JBJS.16.00035"},{"issue":"10","key":"r26","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"1976","article-title":"Muscle fiber conduction velocity in the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles of soccer players after ACL reconstruction","volume":"30","author":"Nuccio S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nuccio S, Del Vecchio A, Casolo A, et\u00a0al. Muscle fiber conduction velocity in the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles of soccer players after ACL reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30(10):1976\u20131984. doi:10.1111\/sms.13748"},{"issue":"4","key":"r27","series-title":"Physiol Rev","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles","volume":"91","author":"Schiaffino S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiol Rev. 2011;91(4):1447\u20131531. doi:10.1152\/physrev.00031.2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28","series-title":"Muscle Nerve","first-page":"145","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament tear induces a sustained loss of muscle fiber force production","volume":"58","author":"Gumucio JP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gumucio JP, Sugg KB, Enselman ERS, et\u00a0al. Anterior cruciate ligament tear induces a sustained loss of muscle fiber force production. Muscle Nerve. 2018;58(1):145\u2013148 doi:10.1002\/mus.26075"},{"issue":"12","key":"r29","series-title":"Orthop J Sports Med","article-title":"Return to sport after ACL reconstruction with a BTB versus hamstring tendon autograft: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"DeFazio MW","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeFazio MW, Curry EJ, Gustin MJ, et\u00a0al. Return to sport after ACL reconstruction with a BTB versus hamstring tendon autograft: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(12):4919. doi:10.1177\/2325967120964919"},{"issue":"1","key":"r30","series-title":"J Exp Orthop","article-title":"Current trends in graft choice for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction \u2013 part II: In-vivo kinematics, patient reported outcomes, re-rupture rates, strength recovery, return to sports and complications","volume":"10","author":"Runer A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Runer A, Keeling L, Wagala N, et\u00a0al. Current trends in graft choice for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction \u2013 part II: In-vivo kinematics, patient reported outcomes, re-rupture rates, strength recovery, return to sports and complications. J Exp Orthop. 2023;10(1):40. doi:10.1186\/s40634-023-00601-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"r31","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Peak torque angle of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee flexor muscles in patients with semitendinosus and gracilis autograft is shifted towards extension regardless of the postoperative duration of supervised physiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Kr\u00f3likowska A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kr\u00f3likowska A, Reichert P, Czamara A, Krzemi\u0144ska K. Peak torque angle of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee flexor muscles in patients with semitendinosus and gracilis autograft is shifted towards extension regardless of the postoperative duration of supervised physiotherapy. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211825. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0211825"},{"issue":"5","key":"r32","series-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil","first-page":"e1713","article-title":"Deficits in contralateral limb strength can overestimate limb symmetry index after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"4","author":"Moran TE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moran TE, Ignozzi AJ, Burnett Z, Bodkin S, Hart JM, Werner BC. Deficits in contralateral limb strength can overestimate limb symmetry index after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2022;4(5):e1713\u2013e1719. doi:10.1016\/j.asmr.2022.06.018"},{"key":"r33","series-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil","article-title":"How limb dominance influences limb symmetry in ACL patients: effects on functional performance","volume":"14","author":"Zumstein F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zumstein F, Centner C, Ritzmann R. How limb dominance influences limb symmetry in ACL patients: effects on functional performance. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14:206. doi:10.1186\/s13102-022-00579-y"},{"issue":"5","key":"r34","series-title":"PLoS One","article-title":"Optimized training for jumping performance using the force-velocity imbalance: individual adaptation kinetics","volume":"14","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Reyes P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Reyes P, Samozino P, Morin JB. Optimized training for jumping performance using the force-velocity imbalance: individual adaptation kinetics. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0216681. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0216681"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/18\/11\/article-p1336.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/18\/11\/article-p1336.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/18\/11\/article-p1336.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T16:52:59Z","timestamp":1698252779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/18\/11\/article-p1336.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0108","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}