{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:42:09Z","timestamp":1792712529568,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This scoping review aims to identify the primary racket and arm-mounted technologies based on inertial measurement units that enable the quantification of hitting load in racket sports. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A comprehensive search of several databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore) and Google search engines was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Included records primarily focused on monitoring hitting load in racket sports using commercialized racket or arm-mounted inertial sensors through noncompetitive and competitive racket-sports players. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> A total of 484 records were identified, and 19 finally met the inclusion criteria. The largest number of systems found were compatible with tennis (n\u2009=\u200911), followed by badminton (n\u2009=\u20094), table tennis (n\u2009=\u20092), padel (n\u2009=\u20091), and squash (n\u2009=\u20091). Four sensor locations were identified: grip-attached (n\u2009=\u20098), grip-embedded (n\u2009=\u20096), wrist (n\u2009=\u20093), and dampener sensors (n\u2009=\u20092). Among the tennis sensors, only 4 out of the 11 (36.4%) demonstrated excellent reliability (&gt;.85) in monitoring the number of shots hit either during analytic drills or during simulated matches. None of the other racket-sports sensors have undergone successful, reliable validation for hitting-volume quantification. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Despite recent advancements in this field, the quantification of hitting volume in racket sports remains a challenge, with only a limited number of tennis devices demonstrating reliable results. Thus, further progress in technology and research is essential to develop comprehensive solutions that adequately address these specific requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T20:46:05Z","timestamp":1714423565000},"page":"519-532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Quantifying Hitting Load in Racket Sports: A Scoping Review of Key Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9792-7803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Quim","family":"Brich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1775-8331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Casals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Sport and Physical Activity Studies Center (CEEAF), University of Vic\u2013Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7952-7603","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Development Department, International Tennis Federation, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-3731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Machar","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennis Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-2846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ernest","family":"Baiget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Handbook of Sports Performance Analysis","first-page":"404","article-title":"Racket sports","author":"O\u2019Donoghue P","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Donoghue P, Reid M, Girard O.Racket sports. In: McGarry T, O\u2019Donoghue P, Sampaio J, eds. Handbook of Sports Performance Analysis. Routledge International Handbooks; 2015:404\u2013414."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Prev Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.11.027","article-title":"Global participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Hulteen RM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hulteen RM, Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Barnett LM, Hallal PC. Global participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2017;95:14\u201325. doi:10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.11.027"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-022-01807-8","article-title":"Physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Pluim BM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pluim BM, Jansen MGT, Williamson S, et\u00a0al. Physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2023;53(4):807\u2013836. doi:10.1007\/s40279-022-01807-8"},{"key":"r4","series-title":"Front Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1149295","article-title":"Physiological demands of racket sports: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"C\u00e1diz Gallardo MP","year":"2023","unstructured":"C\u00e1diz Gallardo MP, Pradas de la Fuente F, Moreno-Azze A, Carrasco P\u00e1ez L. Physiological demands of racket sports: a systematic review. Front Psychol. 2023;14:295. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1149295"},{"issue":"3","key":"r5","series-title":"J Sport Rehabil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0044","article-title":"Injury surveillance and training load methods used by health professionals in tennis: an online multinational survey","volume":"32","author":"M\u00e9ndez DH","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00e9ndez DH, Policastro PO, De Oliveira Silva D. Injury surveillance and training load methods used by health professionals in tennis: an online multinational survey. J Sport Rehabil. 2022;32(3):235\u2013241. doi:10.1123\/jsr.2022-0044"},{"issue":"5","key":"r6","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002215","article-title":"The acute: chronic workload ratio is associated with injury in junior tennis players","volume":"52","author":"Myers NL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Myers NL, Aguilar KV, Mexicano G, Farnsworth JL, Knudson D, Kibler W. The acute: chronic workload ratio is associated with injury in junior tennis players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(5):1196\u20131200. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002215"},{"issue":"8","key":"r7","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1819435","article-title":"Association of acute and chronic workloads with injury risk in high-performance junior tennis players","volume":"21","author":"Moreno-P\u00e9rez V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moreno-P\u00e9rez V, Prieto J, Del Coso J, et\u00a0al. Association of acute and chronic workloads with injury risk in high-performance junior tennis players. Eur J Sport Sci. 2021;21(8):1215\u20131223. doi:10.1080\/17461391.2020.1819435"},{"issue":"5","key":"r8","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.08.013","article-title":"Misuse of the term \u2018load\u2019 in sport and exercise science","volume":"25","author":"Staunton CA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Staunton CA, Abt G, Weaving D, Wundersitz DWT. Misuse of the term \u2018load\u2019 in sport and exercise science. J Sci Med Sport. 2022;25(5):439\u2013444. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.08.013"},{"issue":"6","key":"r9","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128199.23901.2F","article-title":"Use of RPE-based training load in soccer","volume":"36","author":"Impellizzeri FM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Coutts AJ, Sassi A, Marcora SM. Use of RPE-based training load in soccer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(6):1042\u20131047. doi:10.1249\/01.MSS.0000128199.23901.2F"},{"issue":"2","key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935","article-title":"Internal and external training load: 15\u00a0years on","volume":"14","author":"Impellizzeri FM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Internal and external training load: 15\u00a0years on. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(2):270\u2013273. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935"},{"key":"r11","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01833-0","article-title":"Understanding training load as exposure and dose","volume":"53","author":"Impellizzeri FM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Impellizzeri FM, Shrier I, Mclaren SJ, et\u00a0al. Understanding training load as exposure and dose. Sports Med. 2023;53:1667\u20131679. doi:10.1007\/s40279-023-01833-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"r12","series-title":"Sports Biomech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2018.1535619","article-title":"Quantifying hitting activity in tennis with racket sensors: new dawn or false dawn?","volume":"19","author":"Keaney EM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Keaney EM, Reid M. Quantifying hitting activity in tennis with racket sensors: new dawn or false dawn? Sports Biomech. 2018;19(6):831\u2013839. doi:10.1080\/14763141.2018.1535619"},{"issue":"20","key":"r13","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.942687","article-title":"Integrating different tracking systems in football: multiple camera semi-automatic system, local position measurement and GPS technologies","volume":"32","author":"Buchheit M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Allen A, Poon TK, Modonutti M, Gregson W, Di Salvo V. Integrating different tracking systems in football: multiple camera semi-automatic system, local position measurement and GPS technologies. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(20):1844\u20131857. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2014.942687"},{"issue":"1","key":"r14","series-title":"Sport Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12283-013-0132-0","article-title":"Impact of sports balls with striking implements","volume":"17","author":"Cross R","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cross R. Impact of sports balls with striking implements. Sport Eng. 2014;17(1):3\u201322. doi:10.1007\/s12283-013-0132-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"r15","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(03)80031-2","article-title":"Bowling workload and the risk of injury in elite cricket fast bowlers","volume":"6","author":"Dennis R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dennis R, Farhart R, Goumas C, Orchard J. Bowling workload and the risk of injury in elite cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport. 2003;6(3):359\u2013367. doi:10.1016\/S1440-2440(03)80031-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"r16","series-title":"Sports Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116657074","article-title":"Volume-based interval training program for elite tennis players","volume":"8","author":"Myers NL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Myers NL, Sciascia AD, Kibler WB, Uhl TL. Volume-based interval training program for elite tennis players. Sports Health. 2016;8(6):536\u2013540. doi:10.1177\/1941738116657074"},{"issue":"9","key":"r17","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0683","article-title":"Monitoring hitting load in tennis using inertial sensors and machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Whiteside D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whiteside D, Cant O, Connolly M, Reid M. Monitoring hitting load in tennis using inertial sensors and machine learning. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(9):1212\u20131217. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0683"},{"issue":"11","key":"r18","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.037333","article-title":"Muscle activation in coupled scapulohumeral motions in the high performance tennis serve","volume":"41","author":"Kibler WB","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kibler WB, Chandler TJ, Shapiro R, Conuel M. Muscle activation in coupled scapulohumeral motions in the high performance tennis serve. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(11):745\u2013749. doi:10.1136\/bjsm.2007.037333"},{"issue":"6","key":"r19","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b3df89","article-title":"Physical determinants of tennis performance in competitive tennis players","volume":"23","author":"Girard O","year":"2009","unstructured":"Girard O, Millet GP. Physical determinants of tennis performance in competitive tennis players. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23(6):1867\u20131872. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b3df89"},{"issue":"4","key":"r20","series-title":"Strength Cond J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e318225d59a","article-title":"A performance evaluation of the tennis serve: implications for strength, speed, power, and flexibility training","volume":"33","author":"Kovacs MS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kovacs MS, Ellenbecker TS, Development P, et\u00a0al. A performance evaluation of the tennis serve: implications for strength, speed, power, and flexibility training. Strength Cond J. 2011;33(4):22\u201330. doi:10.1519\/SSC.0b013e318225d59a"},{"issue":"1","key":"r21","series-title":"Biol Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2023.112095","article-title":"Influence of anthropometric, ball impact and landing location parameters on serve velocity in elite tennis competition","volume":"40","author":"Baiget E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baiget E, Corbi F, L\u00f3pez J. Influence of anthropometric, ball impact and landing location parameters on serve velocity in elite tennis competition. Biol Sport. 2023;40(1):273\u2013281. doi:10.5114\/biolsport.2023.112095"},{"issue":"3","key":"r22","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"950","article-title":"Influence of restricted knee motion during the flat first serve in tennis","volume":"21","author":"Girard O","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girard O, Micalleff JP, Millet GP. Influence of restricted knee motion during the flat first serve in tennis. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):950\u2013957."},{"issue":"2","key":"r23","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815c6d61","article-title":"Lower-limb coordination and shoulder joint mechanics in the tennis serve","volume":"40","author":"Reid M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reid M, Elliott B, Alderson J. Lower-limb coordination and shoulder joint mechanics in the tennis serve. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(2):308\u2013315. doi:10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815c6d61"},{"issue":"3","key":"r24","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0254","article-title":"Upper-limb force-time characteristics determine serve velocity in competition tennis players","volume":"17","author":"Baiget E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baiget E, Colomar J, Corbi F. Upper-limb force-time characteristics determine serve velocity in competition tennis players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(3):358\u2013366. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0254"},{"issue":"4","key":"r25","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12043","article-title":"Upper limb joint kinetic analysis during tennis serve: assessment of competitive level on efficiency and injury risks","volume":"24","author":"Martin C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martin C, Bideau B, Ropars M, Delamarche P, Kulpa R. Upper limb joint kinetic analysis during tennis serve: assessment of competitive level on efficiency and injury risks. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2014;24(4):700\u2013707. doi:10.1111\/sms.12043"},{"issue":"8","key":"r26","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516645542","article-title":"Influence of playing a prolonged tennis match on shoulder internal range of motion","volume":"44","author":"Martin C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martin C, Kulpa R, Ezanno F, Delamarche P, Bideau B. Influence of playing a prolonged tennis match on shoulder internal range of motion. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(8):2147\u20132151. doi:10.1177\/0363546516645542"},{"issue":"8","key":"r27","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828bea5e","article-title":"Lumbar loading in the elite adolescent tennis serve: link to low back pain","volume":"45","author":"Campbell A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Campbell A, Straker L, O\u2019Sullivan P, Elliott B, Reid M. Lumbar loading in the elite adolescent tennis serve: link to low back pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(8):1562\u20131568. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828bea5e"},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Strength Cond J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000824","article-title":"Minimizing maladaptations derived from tennis serve training and competition loads","volume":"10","author":"Colomar J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colomar J, Pe\u00f1a J, Vicens-Bordas J, Baiget E. Minimizing maladaptations derived from tennis serve training and competition loads. Strength Cond J. 2023;10:824. doi:10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000824"},{"issue":"5","key":"r29","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"1470","article-title":"The validity and reliability of global positioning systems in team sport: a brief review","volume":"30","author":"Marfarlane TUS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marfarlane TUS, Tannath JS, Vincent GK. The validity and reliability of global positioning systems in team sport: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;30(5):1470\u20131490."},{"issue":"6","key":"r30","series-title":"Int J Sports Sci Coach","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1177\/17479541211003064","article-title":"The use of inertial measurement units for analyzing change of direction movement in sports: a scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Alanen AM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alanen AM, R\u00e4is\u00e4nen AM, Benson LC, Pasanen K. The use of inertial measurement units for analyzing change of direction movement in sports: a scoping review. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2021;16(6):1332\u20131353. doi:10.1177\/17479541211003064"},{"issue":"2","key":"r31","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0236","article-title":"Unpacking the black box: applications and considerations for using GPS devices in sport","volume":"12","author":"Malone JJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malone JJ, Lovell R, Varley MC, Coutts AJ. Unpacking the black box: applications and considerations for using GPS devices in sport. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(2):588\u2013595. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0236"},{"issue":"12","key":"r32","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0772-5","article-title":"Activity demands during multi-directional team sports: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Taylor JB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor JB, Wright AA, Dischiavi SL, Townsend MA, Marmon AR. Activity demands during multi-directional team sports: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2017;47(12):2533\u20132551. doi:10.1007\/s40279-017-0772-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"r33","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052721","article-title":"Load measures in training\/match monitoring in soccer: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Miguel M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miguel M, Oliveira R, Loureiro N, Garc\u00eda-Rubio J, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez SJ. Load measures in training\/match monitoring in soccer: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2721\u201326. doi:10.3390\/ijerph18052721"},{"issue":"19","key":"r34","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1139161","article-title":"Matchplay characteristics of Grand Slam tennis: implications for training and conditioning","volume":"34","author":"Reid M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reid M, Morgan S, Whiteside D. Matchplay characteristics of Grand Slam tennis: implications for training and conditioning. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(19):1791\u20131798. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2016.1139161"},{"issue":"6","key":"r35","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0259","article-title":"External match workloads during the first week of Australian open tennis competition","volume":"12","author":"Whiteside D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whiteside D, Reid M. External match workloads during the first week of Australian open tennis competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(6):756\u2013763. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0259"},{"issue":"4","key":"r36","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0441-8","article-title":"Physiological characteristics of badminton match play","volume":"100","author":"Faude O","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faude O, Meyer T, Rosenberger F, Fries M, Huber G, Kindermann W. Physiological characteristics of badminton match play. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100(4):479\u2013485. doi:10.1007\/s00421-007-0441-8"},{"issue":"3","key":"r37","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1519\/R-20306.1","article-title":"Game analysis and energy requirements of elite squash","volume":"21","author":"Girard O","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girard O, Chevalier R, Habrard M, Sciberras P, Hot P, Millet G. Game analysis and energy requirements of elite squash. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):909\u2013914. doi:10.1519\/R-20306.1"},{"issue":"42","key":"r38","series-title":"Cult Cienc Deport","first-page":"191","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis de las acciones de juego en p\u00e1del masculino profesional","volume":"14","author":"Mellado-Arbelo \u00d3","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mellado-Arbelo \u00d3, Baiget Vidal E, Us\u00f3n MV. An\u00e1lisis de las acciones de juego en p\u00e1del masculino profesional. Cult Cienc Deport. 2017;14(42):191\u2013201."},{"issue":"2","key":"r39","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.036426","article-title":"Quantification of the physiological and performance characteristics of on-court tennis drills","volume":"42","author":"Reid M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reid M, Duffield R, Dawson B, Baker J, Crespo M. Quantification of the physiological and performance characteristics of on-court tennis drills. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(2):146\u2013151. doi:10.1136\/bjsm.2007.036426"},{"key":"r40","series-title":"Int J Sport Sci Coach","first-page":"2321","article-title":"Application of wearable technologies for player motion analysis in racket sports: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Rigozzi CJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rigozzi CJ, Vio GA, Poronnik P. Application of wearable technologies for player motion analysis in racket sports: a systematic review. Int J Sport Sci Coach. 2022;18:2321\u20132346."},{"issue":"7","key":"r41","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco AC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et\u00a0al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u2013473. doi:10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"r42","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et\u00a0al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:71. doi:10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"r43","series-title":"Syst Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-015-0125-0","article-title":"Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: a case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada","volume":"4","author":"Godin K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Godin K, Stapleton J, Kirkpatrick SI, Hanning RM, Leatherdale ST. Applying systematic review search methods to the grey literature: a case study examining guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. Syst Rev. 2015;4:138. doi:10.1186\/s13643-015-0125-0"},{"issue":"89","key":"r44","series-title":"ITF Coach Sport Sci Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.52383\/itfcoaching.v31i89.374.","article-title":"Review of ITF-approved Player Analysis Technology (PAT)","author":"Castillo AV","year":"2023","unstructured":"Castillo AV. Review of ITF-approved Player Analysis Technology (PAT). ITF Coach Sport Sci Rev. 2023;(89):27\u201335. doi:10.52383\/itfcoaching.v31i89.374."},{"key":"r45","article-title":"Choreiking 2","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gogotak. Choreiking 2. Published 2021. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/gogotak.co.kr\/bbs\/content.php?co_id=CHOREIKING2"},{"key":"r46","article-title":"Racketware 1.0","year":"2021","unstructured":"Racketware. Racketware 1.0. Published 2021. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.racketware.co.uk\/"},{"key":"r47","article-title":"Sony Smart Sensor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sony. Sony Smart Sensor. Published 2014. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.smarttennissensor.sony.net"},{"issue":"1","key":"r48","series-title":"Int J Sports Sci Coach","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954118805278","article-title":"The Sony Smart Tennis Sensor accurately measures external workload in junior tennis players","volume":"14","author":"Myers NL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Myers NL, Kibler WB, Axtell AH, Uhl TL. The Sony Smart Tennis Sensor accurately measures external workload in junior tennis players. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2019;14(1):24\u201331. doi:10.1177\/1747954118805278"},{"key":"r49","article-title":"Armbeep Tracker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armbeep. Armbeep Tracker. Published 2020. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.armbeep.com"},{"key":"r50","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255339","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a novel monitoring sensor for the quantification of the hitting load in tennis","volume":"16","author":"Had\u017ei\u0107 V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Had\u017ei\u0107 V, Germi\u010d A, Filip\u010di\u010d A. Validity and reliability of a novel monitoring sensor for the quantification of the hitting load in tennis. PLoS One. 2021;16:339. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0255339"},{"key":"r51","article-title":"Babolat Play","year":"2013","unstructured":"Babolat. Babolat Play. Published 2013. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/help.babolatplay.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360017139418-PLAY-POP-Discontinuation-of-connected-services"},{"key":"r52","article-title":"Zepp Tennis 2.0","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zepp. Zepp Tennis 2.0. Published 2018. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.zepplabs.com\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"r53","series-title":"Int J Comput Sci Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2478\/ijcss-2019-0013","article-title":"Validation of sensor-based game analysis tools in tennis","volume":"18","author":"Edelmann-Nusser A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Edelmann-Nusser A, Raschke A, Bentz A, Montenbruck S, Edelmann-Nusser J, Lames M. Validation of sensor-based game analysis tools in tennis. Int J Comput Sci Sport. 2019;18(2):49\u201359. doi:10.2478\/ijcss-2019-0013"},{"key":"r54","first-page":"235","article-title":"Design and implement a mobile badminton stroke classification system","author":"Lin J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin J, Chang CW, Wang CH, et\u00a0al. Design and implement a mobile badminton stroke classification system. In: 19th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium: Managing a World of Things, APNOMS 2017. 2017:235\u2013238."},{"key":"r55","year":"2018","unstructured":"Courtmatics. Published 2018. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.courtmatics.com"},{"key":"r56","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qlipp. Published 2015. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.qlipp.com"},{"key":"r57","article-title":"Artengo Personal Coach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Artengo. Artengo Personal Coach. Published 2013. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.artengo.fr"},{"key":"r58","article-title":"Coollang Sensor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coollang. Coollang Sensor. Published 2020. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.coollang-global.com"},{"key":"r59","article-title":"Babolat Pop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Babolat. Babolat Pop. Published 2015. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/help.babolatplay.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360017139418-PLAY-POP-Discontinuation-of-connected-services"},{"key":"r60","article-title":"Head Zepp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Head. Head Zepp. Published 2018. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.head.com\/es_ES\/sensor"},{"key":"r61","article-title":"Zepp Tennis 1.0","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zepp. Zepp Tennis 1.0. Published 2014. Accessed February 28, 2023. http:\/\/www.zepplabs.com\/"},{"key":"r62","article-title":"Smart Xiaoyu 2","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coollang. Smart Xiaoyu 2. Published 2015. Accessed February 28, 2023. http:\/\/www.coollang-global.com"},{"key":"r63","article-title":"Koospur Xiaoyu 3.0","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coollang. Koospur Xiaoyu 3.0. Published 2017. Accessed February 28, 2023. http:\/\/www.coollang-global.com"},{"issue":"2","key":"r64","series-title":"Int J Racket Sports Sci","first-page":"56","article-title":"Validation of wearables for technical analysis of tennis players","volume":"4","author":"Garc\u00eda GD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda GD, Coll JS, Infantes SC, et\u00a0al. Validation of wearables for technical analysis of tennis players. Int J Racket Sports Sci. 2022;4(2):56\u201360."},{"key":"r65","year":"2015","unstructured":"Usense. Published 2015. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/www.ubc-tech.com"},{"issue":"22","key":"r66","series-title":"Sensors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228868","article-title":"Prototype machine learning algorithms from wearable technology to detect tennis stroke and movement actions","volume":"22","author":"Perri T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perri T, Reid M, Murphy A, Howle K, Duffield R. Prototype machine learning algorithms from wearable technology to detect tennis stroke and movement actions. Sensors. 2022;22(22):868. doi:10.3390\/s22228868"},{"issue":"13","key":"r67","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093546","article-title":"Evolution of accelerometer methods for physical activity research","volume":"48","author":"Troiano RP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Troiano RP, McClain JJ, Brychta RJ, Chen KY. Evolution of accelerometer methods for physical activity research. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(13):1019\u20131023. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093546"},{"key":"r68","article-title":"Actofit Badminton Tracker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Actofit. Actofit Badminton Tracker. Published 2019. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/actofit.com\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"r69","series-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2019.1685804","article-title":"Important performance characteristics in elite clay and grass court tennis match-play","volume":"19","author":"Fitzpatrick A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick A, Stone JA, Choppin S, Kelley J. Important performance characteristics in elite clay and grass court tennis match-play. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2019;19(6):942\u2013952. doi:10.1080\/24748668.2019.1685804"},{"issue":"1","key":"r70","series-title":"J Sci Med Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.03.001","article-title":"The effect of racquet swing weight on serve kinematics in elite adolescent female tennis players","volume":"17","author":"Whiteside D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whiteside D, Elliott B, Lay B, Reid M. The effect of racquet swing weight on serve kinematics in elite adolescent female tennis players. J Sci Med Sport. 2014;17(1):124\u2013128. doi:10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.03.001"},{"issue":"10","key":"r71","series-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Relationship between anthropometric or functional characteristics and maximal serve velocity in professional tennis players","volume":"55","author":"Bonato M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonato M, Maggioni MA, Rossi C, Rampichini S, La Torre A. Relationship between anthropometric or functional characteristics and maximal serve velocity in professional tennis players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2015;55(10):1157\u20131165."},{"issue":"3","key":"r72","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230631","article-title":"Acute effects of in-step and wrist weights on change of direction speed, accuracy and stroke velocity in junior tennis players","volume":"15","author":"Colomar J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colomar J, Baiget E, Corbi F, Mu\u00f1oz J. Acute effects of in-step and wrist weights on change of direction speed, accuracy and stroke velocity in junior tennis players. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0230631. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0230631"},{"key":"r73","article-title":"Unik Sensor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaitt. Unik Sensor. Published 2021. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/kaitt.es\/palas.php"},{"key":"r74","article-title":"Choreiking 1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gogotak. Choreiking 1. Published 2020. Accessed February 28, 2023. http:\/\/gogotak.co.kr\/bbs\/content.php?co_id=CHOREIKING1"},{"key":"r75","article-title":"Blast Swing Analyzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"BlastMotion. Blast Swing Analyzer. Published 2014. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/store.blastmotion.com\/store\/products\/baseball\/"},{"key":"r76","article-title":"Blast Personal Swing Trainer","year":"2022","unstructured":"BlastMotion. Blast Personal Swing Trainer. Published 2022. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/store.blastmotion.com\/store\/products\/baseball-st\/"},{"key":"r77","article-title":"Arccos Caddie Smart Sensor (Gen3+)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arccos. Arccos Caddie Smart Sensor (Gen3+). Published 2022. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/eu.arccosgolf.com\/products\/arccos-caddie-smart-sensors"},{"key":"r78","article-title":"Arccos Caddie Smart Grip","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arccos. Arccos Caddie Smart Grip. Published 2022. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/eu.arccosgolf.com\/products\/arccos-caddie-smart-grips"},{"key":"r79","article-title":"Blast Swing & Stroke Analyzer","year":"2021","unstructured":"BlastMotion. Blast Swing & Stroke Analyzer. Published 2021. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/blastmotion.com\/products\/golf\/"},{"key":"r80","article-title":"FWD Powershot 2","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quattrium. FWD Powershot 2. Published 2014. Accessed February 28, 2023. https:\/\/store.roverwiz.com\/products\/fwd-powershot-2-ice-hockey-stick-performance-sensor"},{"key":"r81","series-title":"Procedia Comput Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.03.046","article-title":"Multi-sensor golf swing classification using deep CNN","volume":"129","author":"Jiao L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiao L, Wu H, Bie R, Umek A, Kos A. Multi-sensor golf swing classification using deep CNN. Procedia Comput Sci. 2018;129:59\u201365. doi:10.1016\/j.procs.2018.03.046"},{"key":"r82","article-title":"Sensor technology for ice hockey and skating","author":"Hardegger M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hardegger M, Ledergerber B, Mutter S, et\u00a0al. Sensor technology for ice hockey and skating. 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference Wearable Implant Body Sensors Networks, BSN. 2015."},{"issue":"14","key":"r83","series-title":"Sensors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21144650","article-title":"Ultra-wideband indoor positioning and IMU-based activity recognition for ice hockey analytics","volume":"21","author":"Vleugels R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vleugels R, Van Herbruggen B, Fontaine J, De Poorter E. Ultra-wideband indoor positioning and IMU-based activity recognition for ice hockey analytics. Sensors. 2021;21(14):650. doi:10.3390\/s21144650"},{"issue":"4","key":"r84","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1823131","article-title":"Reliability of wearable sensors to assess impact metrics during sport-specific tasks","volume":"39","author":"Burland JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burland JP, Outerleys JB, Lattermann C, Davis IS. Reliability of wearable sensors to assess impact metrics during sport-specific tasks. J Sports Sci. 2021;39(4):406\u2013411. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2020.1823131"},{"key":"r85","series-title":"Front Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00141","article-title":"Player monitoring in indoor team sports: concurrent validity of inertial measurement units to quantify average and peak acceleration values","volume":"9","author":"Roell M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roell M, Roecker K, Gehring D, Mahler H, Gollhofer A. Player monitoring in indoor team sports: concurrent validity of inertial measurement units to quantify average and peak acceleration values. Front Physiol. 2018;9:141. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2018.00141"},{"issue":"16","key":"r86","series-title":"Sensors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19163458","article-title":"Validation of wearable sensors during team sport-specific movements in indoor environments","volume":"19","author":"Roell M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roell M, Mahler H, Lienhard J, Gehring D, Gollhofer A, Roecker K. Validation of wearable sensors during team sport-specific movements in indoor environments. Sensors. 2019;19(16):458. doi:10.3390\/s19163458"},{"key":"r87","series-title":"Phys Ther Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2016.12.001","article-title":"Validation of an inertial measurement unit for the measurement of jump count and height","volume":"25","author":"MacDonald K","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacDonald K, Bahr R, Baltich J, Whittaker JL, Meeuwisse WH. Validation of an inertial measurement unit for the measurement of jump count and height. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;25:15\u201319. doi:10.1016\/j.ptsp.2016.12.001"},{"issue":"13","key":"r88","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1882726","article-title":"Inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sport tasks","volume":"39","author":"Armitage M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Armitage M, Beato M, Mcerlain-naylor SA. Inter-unit reliability of IMU Step metrics using IMeasureU Blue Trident inertial measurement units for running-based team sport tasks. J Sports Sci. 2021;39(13):1512\u20131518. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2021.1882726"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/6\/article-p519.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/6\/article-p519.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/6\/article-p519.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T19:27:44Z","timestamp":1716319664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/6\/article-p519.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0385","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}