{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:13:09Z","timestamp":1747188789215,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Global navigation satellite system device\u2013derived metrics are commonly represented by discrete zones with intensity often measured by standardizing volume to per-minute of activity duration. This approach is sensitive to imprecision in duration measurement and can lead to highly variable outcomes\u2014transforming data from zones to a gradient may overcome this problem. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate this approach for measuring team-sport activity demands. Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Data were collected from 129 first-team and 73 academy matches from a Scottish Premiership football club. Gradients were calculated for velocity, acceleration, and deceleration zones, along with per-minute values for several commonly used metrics. Means and 95% CIs were calculated for playing level, as well as first-team positional groups. Within-subject coefficients of variation were also calculated for match level, position, and individual groups. Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The gradient approach showed consistency with per-minute metrics when measuring playing level and position groups. With coefficients of variation of 10.8% to 26.9%, the gradients demonstrated lower variability than most per-minute variables, which ranged from 10.7% to 84.5%. Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Gradients are a potentially useful way of describing intensity in team sports and compare favorably to existing intensity variables in their ability to distinguish between match types and position groups, providing evidence that gradient variables can be used to monitor match and training intensity in team sports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T18:50:04Z","timestamp":1718823004000},"page":"829-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intensity Gradients: A Novel Method for Interpreting External Loads in Football"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4932-8300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruairidh","family":"McGregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rangers Football Club, Glasgow, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3130-355X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liam","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9531-3004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-1867","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Brownlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-6962","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barry","family":"Drust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rangers Football Club, Glasgow, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000379","article-title":"Damaging nature of decelerations: do we adequately prepare players?","volume":"4","author":"Harper DJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harper DJ, Kiely J. Damaging nature of decelerations: do we adequately prepare players? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018;4(1):e000379. doi:10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000379"},{"issue":"9","key":"r2","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0550","article-title":"Differential ratings of perceived exertion: relationships with external intensity and load in elite men\u2019s football","volume":"17","author":"Houtmeyers KC","year":"2022","unstructured":"Houtmeyers KC, Robberechts P, Jaspers A, et\u00a0al. Differential ratings of perceived exertion: relationships with external intensity and load in elite men\u2019s football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(9):1415\u20131424. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0550"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247546","article-title":"Match-to-match variability of high-speed activities in premier league soccer","volume":"31","author":"Gregson W","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gregson W, Drust B, Atkinson G, Salvo V. Match-to-match variability of high-speed activities in premier league soccer. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(4):237\u2013242. doi:10.1055\/s-0030-1247546"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2.2.111","article-title":"Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer","volume":"2","author":"Bangsbo J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. Metabolic response and fatigue in soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007;2(2):111\u2013127. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2.2.111"},{"issue":"9","key":"r5","series-title":"J Athl Train","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0540.19","article-title":"\u201cTo tech or not to tech?\u201d A critical decision-making framework for implementing technology in sport","volume":"55","author":"Windt J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Windt J, MacDonald K, Taylor D, Zumbo BD, Sporer BC, Martin DT. \u201cTo tech or not to tech?\u201d A critical decision-making framework for implementing technology in sport. J Athl Train. 2020;55(9):902\u2013910. doi:10.4085\/1062-6050-0540.19"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"Pediatr Exerc Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2018-0201","article-title":"Moving forward with accelerometer-assessed physical activity: two strategies to ensure meaningful, interpretable, and comparable measures","volume":"30","author":"Rowlands AV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rowlands AV. Moving forward with accelerometer-assessed physical activity: two strategies to ensure meaningful, interpretable, and comparable measures. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2018;30(4):450\u2013456. doi:10.1123\/pes.2018-0201"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/8\/article-p829.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/8\/article-p829.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/8\/article-p829.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T19:07:19Z","timestamp":1722280039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/19\/8\/article-p829.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0435","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1555-0265"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1555-0273"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}