{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:38:25Z","timestamp":1785829105251,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"Purpose:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Accurate modeling of intermittent-running sessions by D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance would aid in understanding their physical demand and subsequent prescription of intermittent sessions. In intermittent cycling, W<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance can be validly quantified by modeling W<\/jats:italic>\u2032 depletion and recovery; however, these models have not been validated in intermittent running, which was this project\u2019s purpose. Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Critical speed (in meters per second) and D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 (in meters) were calculated from the linear relationship between speed (in meters per second) and 1\/time from season-best performances over 1500-, 3000-, and 5000-m race distances. Thirty intermittent-running sessions were classified as exhaustive (n\u2009=\u200914) and nonexhaustive (n\u2009=\u200916). D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance was calculated from time-stamped running-speed data using D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 depletion and recovery models, allowing end-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance to be found. End-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance for exhaustive and nonexhaustive intermittent sessions were compared, and the 95% CI around end-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance in exhaustive intermittent sessions was evaluated for inclusion of 0. Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> A moderate difference (effect size\u2009\u00b1\u200995% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u2009\u00b1\u20090.72; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) existed between end-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance in exhaustive (mean\u2009\u00b1\u200995% CI\u2009=\u2009157\u2009\u00b1\u200925\u00a0m) and nonexhaustive (200\u2009\u00b1\u200919\u00a0m) sessions. The 95% CI around end-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance in exhaustive intermittent sessions did not include 0. Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> End-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance did differentiate between exhaustive and nonexhaustive intermittent sessions. However, since D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance at the end of exhaustive sessions should approximate 0, end-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance did not accurately quantify exhaustive sessions as exhaustive. The inaccurate quantification of end-of-session D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 balance during exhaustive intermittent running sessions is likely related to the exponential recovery of D<\/jats:italic>\u2032 that is reliant on an accurately quantified recovery time constant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T02:59:09Z","timestamp":1742957949000},"page":"718-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of End-of-Session D\u2032 Balance for Quantifying and Differentiating Exhaustive and Nonexhaustive Intermittent-Training Sessions in Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3871-8646","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clint R.","family":"Bellenger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide University Athletics Club, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Bartram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"r1","series-title":"Med Sci Sport Exer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d9cf7f","article-title":"Critical power: implications for determination of VO2max and exercise tolerance","volume":"42","author":"Jones AM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones AM, Vanhatalo A, Burnley M, Morton RH, Poole DC. 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