{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:45:36Z","timestamp":1783035936129,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Continuous-glucose-monitoring (CGM) sensors provide near-real-time glucose data and have been introduced commercially as a tool to inform nutrition decisions. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how factors such as the menstrual phase, extended running duration, and carbohydrates affect CGM outcomes among trained eumenorrheic females in an outdoor simulated ultraendurance running event. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Twelve experienced female ultrarunners (age 39 [6]\u00a0y) participated in this crossover study. Participants completed an ultraendurance simulation run of 4\u00a0hours in the midfollicular and midluteal phases of their menstrual cycle, which consisted of a 3-hour fasted outdoor run (FASTED) followed by a 1-hour treadmill run (TREAD), where 3 standardized 20-g oral glucose doses were provided. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Using a mixed linear model, the menstrual phase was statistically significant for differences in glucose measurements from CGM compared with capillary glucose sampling during TREAD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) but not FASTED. Additionally, the CGM sensor reported glucose levels with an average of \u22120.43\u00a0mmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (95% CI, \u2212\u20090.86 to \u22120.005) and \u22121.02\u00a0mmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (95% CI, \u22121.63 to \u22120.42) lower in fasted and fed scenarios, respectively, when compared with capillary glucose. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> CGM underreports capillary glucose during fasted and fed exercise. Factors contributing to this underreporting between the sampling methods (CGM vs capillary) were dependent on a combination of exogenous glucose availability, individual biological differences, and the menstrual phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T18:48:46Z","timestamp":1735066126000},"page":"265-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Continuous Glucose Monitoring Underreports Blood Glucose During a Simulated Ultraendurance Run in Eumenorrheic Female Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1356-641X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Dole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand"},{"name":"Adams Centre for High Performance, Mount Maunganui, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3255-5428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stacy","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute of New Zealand SPRINZ, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Stanford Lifestyle Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9676-5291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nic","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2900-7460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martyn","family":"Beaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1","series-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CSMR.0000306201.49315.73","article-title":"Training principles and issues for ultra-endurance athletes","volume":"4","author":"Zaryski C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zaryski C, Smith DJ. 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