{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:13:20Z","timestamp":1747188800641,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> We investigated the effects of manipulating running velocity and hypoxic exposure on vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation levels during treadmill running. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Eleven trained male distance runners performed 7 randomized runs at different velocities (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), each lasting 45\u00a0seconds on an instrumented treadmill in normoxia (fraction of\u00a0inspired oxygen\u00a0[FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>]\u2009=\u200920.9%), moderate hypoxia (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200916.1%), high hypoxia (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200914.1%), and severe hypoxia (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200913.0%). Continuous assessment of Tissue Saturation Index (TSI) in the vastus lateralis muscle was conducted using near-infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, changes in TSI (\u0394TSI) data over the final 20\u00a0seconds of each run were compared between velocities and conditions. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> There was a significant velocity\u2009\u00d7\u2009condition interaction for \u0394TSI% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, <jats:inline-formula\/>), with a smaller \u0394TSI% decline in normoxia compared with high hypoxia and severe hypoxia at 8\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.30 and 1.91, respectively), 10\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.75 and 1.43, respectively), and 12\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.47 and 1.95, respectively) (pooled values for all conditions: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.037). The \u0394TSI% decline increased with each subsequent velocity increment from 8\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (\u22129.2% [3.7%]) to 20\u00a0km\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (\u221222.5% [4.1%]) irrespective of hypoxia severity (pooled values for all conditions: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.048). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Running at slower velocities in conjunction with high and severe hypoxia reduces vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation levels. Muscle \u0394TSI% proves to be a sensitive indicator, underscoring the potential use of near-infrared spectroscopy as a reference index of internal load during treadmill runs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T19:26:34Z","timestamp":1725477994000},"page":"1334-1338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Running Velocity and Hypoxic Exposure on Vastus Lateralis Muscle Oxygenation"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7543-743X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ming Wei","family":"Yeap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-1869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tze Chien","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sports Performance, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2940-0775","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mee Chee","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport and Exercise Medicine Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-6706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wee Kian","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4797-182X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivier","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0725-0999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chris Chow Li","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research and Innovation, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"Front Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00265","article-title":"Alveolar gas exchange and tissue oxygenation during incremental treadmill exercise, and their associations with blood O2 carrying capacity","volume":"3","author":"Rissanen AP","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rissanen AP, Tikkanen HO, Koponen AS, et\u00a0al. 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