{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:56:00Z","timestamp":1787655360606,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    Training characteristics such as duration, frequency, and intensity can be manipulated to optimize endurance performance, with an enduring interest in the role of training-intensity distribution to enhance training adaptations. Training intensity is typically separated into 3 zones, which align with the moderate-, heavy-, and severe-intensity domains. While estimates of the heavy- and severe-intensity boundary, that is, the critical speed (CS), can be derived from habitual training, determining the moderate\u2013heavy boundary or first threshold (T1) requires testing, which can be costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the percentage at which T1 occurs relative to CS.\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    A systematic literature search yielded 26 studies with 527 participants, grouped by mean CS into low (11.5\u00a0km\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 95% CI, 11.2\u201311.8), medium (13.4\u00a0km\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 95% CI, 11.2\u201311.8), and high (16.0\u00a0km\u00b7h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; 95% CI, 15.7\u201316.3) groups. Across all studies, T1 occurred at 82.3% of CS (95% CI, 81.1\u201383.6). In the medium- and high-CS groups, T1 occurred at a higher fraction of CS (83.2% CS,\u00a095% CI, 81.3\u201385.1, and 84.2% CS,\u00a095% CI, 82.3\u201386.1, respectively) relative to the low-CS group (80.6% CS, 95% CI, 78.0\u201383.2).\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                      :\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    The study highlights some uncertainty in the fraction of T1 relative to CS, influenced by inconsistent approaches in determining both boundaries. However, our findings serve as a foundation for remote analysis and prescription of exercise intensity, although testing is recommended for more precise applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T15:35:28Z","timestamp":1721835328000},"page":"963-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Relationship Between the Moderate\u2013Heavy Boundary and Critical Speed in Running"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4190-4543","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-697X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel","family":"Meyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2329-959X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ed","family":"Maunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias H.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6748-9870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Muniz-Pumares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S40798-022-00438-7","article-title":"The training characteristics of world-class distance runners: an integration of scientific literature and results-proven practice","volume":"8","author":"Haugen T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haugen T, Sandbakk \u00d8, Seiler S, T\u00f8nnessen E. 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