{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:08:34Z","timestamp":1792613314142,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Passive stiffness, a biomechanical parameter, has a potential influence on running economy, thus playing a pivotal role in performance. This study aimed to quantify passive stiffness of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle using myotonometry throughout an incremental running protocol. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Twenty-one male participants underwent a multistage incremental test (Bordeaux test) on a treadmill until exhaustion. Passive stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon was measured using a\u00a0MyotonPRO device. Measurements were taken before, during, and after the incremental test. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Our findings indicated that passive stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius decreased at rest between prerun and postrun assessments (\u221220.12\u00a0N\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.012). Furthermore, during the test, stiffness increased at low intensity (at 50% of maximal aerobic speed: +104.8\u00a0N\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.042), returning to baseline values as intensity increased. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Throughout an incremental running protocol, both Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle stiffness initially increased and then decreased with escalating percentages of maximal aerobic speed. A deeper understanding of stiffness in running can inform more effective recommendations for runners\u2019 strengthening and training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T19:02:34Z","timestamp":1726254154000},"page":"1321-1327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Observation of the Achilles Tendon and Gastrocnemius Muscle\u2019s Passive Stiffness During an Incremental Running Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-1780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anh Phong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Neuromusculoskeletal Lab, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-2676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laurent","family":"Bosquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Move, Universit\u00e9 de Poitiers, UFR-STAPS, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laureen","family":"Cugnet-Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Neuromusculoskeletal Lab, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0776-3820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine","family":"Detrembleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Neuromusculoskeletal Lab, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6567-9972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Mahaudens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique, Neuromusculoskeletal Lab, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Service d\u2019Orthop\u00e9die et Traumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Service de M\u00e9decine Physique, Clinique Universitaire Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"r1","series-title":"Sport Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434070-00005","article-title":"Factors affecting running economy in trained distance runners","volume":"35","author":"Saunders PI","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saunders PI, Pyne DB, Telford RD, Hwaley JA. 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