{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T02:03:15Z","timestamp":1775872995188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> To verify the effects of positive and negative verbal instructions regarding sham\u00a0ischemic preconditioning (sham-IPC) on leg-extension resistance-exercise performance. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Thirty-five trained men were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: positive expectation, negative expectation, or control. Participants completed leg-extension strength tests in 4 trials (2 familiarization, 1 baseline, and 1 experimental). Experimental trials consisted of participants\u2019 receiving sham-IPC (3\u2009\u00d7\u20095 cycles at only 20\u00a0mmHg). In positive- and negative-expectation groups, participants received verbal instructions that would improve or worsen performance, respectively. Controls did not receive any verbal suggestion. Outcomes were maximum number of repetitions, maximal isometric voluntary contraction, and muscle power output. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Expectations about sham-IPC were significantly higher in the positive-expectation than in the negative-expectation and control groups. Participants in the positive group reported a significantly greater number of repetitions than both the negative-expectation (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.11) and control groups (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.77). No differences between groups were shown for maximal isometric voluntary contraction (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> range\u2009=\u20090.05\u20130.67) and power output (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic> range\u2009=\u2009\u20130.08 to 1.02). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Our results highlight the importance of measuring expectations prior to sham-IPC, which may significantly influence the results of randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T05:57:31Z","timestamp":1747029451000},"page":"891-898","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Positive and Negative Verbal Instructions Associated With Sham\u00a0Ischemic Preconditioning Moderate Improvements of Knee-Extension Resistance Exercise in Trained Men"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2488-7502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiago L.R.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9265-2975","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5953-1936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G\u00e9ssyca T.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-3301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anderson","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3605-9667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rha\u00ed A.","family":"Arriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3194-9289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Hohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8225-6573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco A.C.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7715-2534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Moacir","family":"Marocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Laboratory of Physiology and Performance (LABIFID), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1","series-title":"Eur J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06344.x","article-title":"The top-down influence of ergogenic placebos on muscle work and fatigue","volume":"28","author":"Pollo A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pollo A, Carlino E, Benedetti F. 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