{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:26:12Z","timestamp":1792045572582,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Despite the increasing body of literature on badminton, no data exist concerning the energy cost of badminton movement, known as \u201cfootwork.\u201d This study introduces a novel experimental approach to assessing the energy cost of footwork by applying established metabolic measurement techniques to badminton-specific movement patterns for the first time. In addition, it aims to verify whether differences exist between 2 different movement combinations. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Seven male and 7 female badminton athletes (age 19\u2009[4]\u00a0y; body mass 64.9\u2009[8.4]\u00a0kg; height 1.72\u2009[0.08]\u00a0m; <jats:inline-formula\/> 55.5\u2009[10.3]\u00a0mL\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) completed 2 sets of 12 repetitions of 4 all-out preplanned footwork exercises with 30\u00a0seconds of passive recovery, using 2 types of steps (side step and running step). During exercises, respiratory data, blood lactate concentration, and net energy cost (C<jats:sub>netFW<\/jats:sub>, J\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were determined, along with total exercise duration and average speed. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> C<jats:sub>netFW<\/jats:sub> was 19.59\u2009(4.46) for side step and 20.38\u2009(4.52)\u00a0J\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for running step. No significant differences in metabolic\u00a0data, total exercise duration, or average speed were observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). C<jats:sub>netFW<\/jats:sub> data showed a positive linear correlation between energy cost and footwork speed (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.62; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u2009.39; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0009). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> C<jats:sub>netFW<\/jats:sub> increases with speed, but there is no significant difference between the 2 types of footwork. Players and coaches can choose the most appropriate step combinations based on individual characteristics and specific game requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T11:34:29Z","timestamp":1753616069000},"page":"1265-1270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Energy Cost of Badminton Footwork: A Novel Experimental Approach"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3861-7156","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Badminton Federation, Italian Olympic Committee (CONI), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0109-4964","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gaspare","family":"Pavei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-2024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gianfelici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Badminton Federation, Italian Olympic Committee (CONI), Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9510-1653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susanna","family":"Rampichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-2611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabio","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0287-2","article-title":"The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics","volume":"45","author":"Phomsoupha M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phomsoupha M, Laffaye G. The science of badminton: game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual fitness and biomechanics. Sports Med. 2015;45(4):473\u2013495. doi:10.1007\/s40279-014-0287-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"r2","series-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2014.11868701","article-title":"Notational comparison of men\u2019s singles badminton matches between Olympic Games in Beijing and London","volume":"14","author":"Abian P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abian P, Castanedo A, Feng XQ, Sampredo J, Abian-Vicen J. Notational comparison of men\u2019s singles badminton matches between Olympic Games in Beijing and London. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2014;14(1):42\u201353. doi:10.1080\/24748668.2014.11868701"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3","series-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2013.11868650","article-title":"Temporal and notational comparison of badminton matches between men\u2019s singles and women\u2019s singles","volume":"13","author":"Abian-Vicen J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abian-Vicen J, Castanedo A, Abian P, Sampredo J. Temporal and notational comparison of badminton matches between men\u2019s singles and women\u2019s singles. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2013;13(2):310\u2013320. doi:10.1080\/24748668.2013.11868650"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.1.62","article-title":"Analysis of the characteristics of competitive badminton","volume":"37","author":"Cabello MD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cabello MD, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Analysis of the characteristics of competitive badminton. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(1):62\u201366. doi:10.1136\/bjsm.37.1.62"},{"issue":"2","key":"r5","series-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2018.1463785","article-title":"Technical and timing characteristics of badminton men\u2019s single: comparison between groups and play-offs stages in 2016 Rio Olympic Games","volume":"18","author":"Chiminazzo JGC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiminazzo JGC, Barreira J, Luz LS, Saraiva WC, Cayres JT. Technical and timing characteristics of badminton men\u2019s single: comparison between groups and play-offs stages in 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2018;18(2):245\u2013254. doi:10.1080\/24748668.2018.1463785"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0441-8","article-title":"Physiological characteristics of badminton match play","volume":"100","author":"Faude O","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faude O, Meyer T, Rosenberger F, et\u00a0al. Physiological characteristics of badminton match play. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100(4):479\u2013485. doi:10.1007\/s00421-007-0441-8"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"r7","series-title":"Am J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602406S19","article-title":"Physiologic demands of badminton match play","volume":"24","author":"Faccini P","year":"1996","unstructured":"Faccini P, Dal Monte A. Physiologic demands of badminton match play. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(suppl 6):S64\u2013S66. doi:10.1177\/036354659602406S19"},{"issue":"2","key":"r8","series-title":"Int J Appl Sports Sci","first-page":"27","article-title":"Heart rate and blood lactate responses during execution of some specific strokes in badminton drills","volume":"20","author":"Ghosh AK","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghosh AK. Heart rate and blood lactate responses during execution of some specific strokes in badminton drills. Int J Appl Sports Sci. 2008;20(2):27\u201336."},{"issue":"4","key":"r9","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.31.4.342","article-title":"Physiological analysis to quantify training load in badminton","volume":"31","author":"Majumdar P","year":"1997","unstructured":"Majumdar P, Khanna GL, Malik V, et\u00a0al. Physiological analysis to quantify training load in badminton. Br J Sports Med. 1997;31(4):342\u2013345. doi:10.1136\/bjsm.31.4.342"},{"issue":"11","key":"r10","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-018-3960-6","article-title":"Heart rate and pulmonary oxygen uptake response in professional badminton players: comparison between on-court game simulation and laboratory exercise testing","volume":"118","author":"Rampichini S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rampichini S, Limonta E, Pugliese L, et\u00a0al. Heart rate and pulmonary oxygen uptake response in professional badminton players: comparison between on-court game simulation and laboratory exercise testing. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2018;118(11):2339\u20132347. doi:10.1007\/s00421-018-3960-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"r11","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.2.115","article-title":"Validation of a field test for the non-invasive determination of badminton specific aerobic performance","volume":"37","author":"Wonisch M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wonisch M, Hofmann P, Schwaberger G, von Duvillard SP, Klein W. Validation of a field test for the non-invasive determination of badminton specific aerobic performance. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(2):115\u2013118. doi:10.1136\/bjsm.37.2.115"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"PeerJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10300","article-title":"Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Lam W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lam W, Wong DW, Lee WC. Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review. PeerJ. 2020;8:300. doi:10.7717\/peerj.10300"},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2024.103209","article-title":"An analysis of the effect of motor experience on muscle synergy in the badminton jump smash","volume":"95","author":"Pan Z","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan Z, Liu L, Li X, Ma Y. An analysis of the effect of motor experience on muscle synergy in the badminton jump smash. Hum Mov Sci. 2024;95:103209. doi:10.1016\/j.humov.2024.103209"},{"key":"r14","series-title":"Sports Biomech","article-title":"Kinetic and kinematic determinants of shuttlecock speed in the forehand jump smash performed by elite male Malaysian badminton players","volume":"10","author":"Ramasamy Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramasamy Y, Usman J, Sundar V, Towler H, King M. Kinetic and kinematic determinants of shuttlecock speed in the forehand jump smash performed by elite male Malaysian badminton players. Sports Biomech. 2021;10:336. doi:doi:10.1080\/14763141.2021.1877336"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2025.2489863","article-title":"Using markerless motion analysis to quantify sex and discipline differences in external mechanical work during badminton match play","volume":"10","author":"Santiano F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Santiano F, Ison S, Emmerson J, Colyer S. Using markerless motion analysis to quantify sex and discipline differences in external mechanical work during badminton match play. J Sports Sci. 2025;10:863. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2025.2489863"},{"issue":"6","key":"r16","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2580-9","article-title":"The energy cost of shuttle running","volume":"113","author":"Buglione A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buglione A, di Prampero PE. The energy cost of shuttle running. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(6):1535\u20131543. doi:10.1007\/s00421-012-2580-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"r17","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0258","article-title":"Energetics of shuttle runs: the effects of distance and change of direction","volume":"9","author":"Zamparo P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Zadro I, Lazzer S, Beato M, Sepulcri L. Energetics of shuttle runs: the effects of distance and change of direction. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014;9(6):1033\u20131039. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0258"},{"issue":"10","key":"r18","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3443-6","article-title":"Mechanical work and efficiency of 5\u2009+\u20095\u00a0m shuttle running","volume":"116","author":"Zamparo P","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Pavei G, Nardello F, et\u00a0al. Mechanical work and efficiency of 5\u2009+\u20095\u00a0m shuttle running. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(10):1911\u20131919. doi:10.1007\/s00421-016-3443-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"r19","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2184-9007","article-title":"Energetics (and mechanical determinants) of sprint and shuttle running","volume":"45","author":"Zamparo P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Monte A, Pavei G. Energetics (and mechanical determinants) of sprint and shuttle running. Int J Sports Med. 2024;45(5):335\u2013342. doi:10.1055\/a-2184-9007"},{"issue":"14","key":"r20","series-title":"J Exp Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.01700","article-title":"Sprint running: a new energetic approach","volume":"208","author":"di Prampero PE","year":"2005","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Fusi S, Sepulcri L, Morin JB, Belli A, Antonutto G. Sprint running: a new energetic approach. J Exp Biol. 2005;208(14):2809\u20132816. doi:10.1242\/jeb.01700"},{"issue":"Pt 15","key":"r21","series-title":"J Exp Biol","article-title":"Update and extension of the \u2018equivalent slope\u2019 of speed-changing level locomotion in humans: a computational model for shuttle running","volume":"221","author":"Minetti AE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minetti AE, Pavei G. Update and extension of the \u2018equivalent slope\u2019 of speed-changing level locomotion in humans: a computational model for shuttle running. J Exp Biol. 2018;221(Pt 15):303. doi:doi:10.1242\/jeb.182303"},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Front Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01567","article-title":"Players\u2019 on-court movements and contextual variables in badminton world championship","volume":"11","author":"Valldecabres R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valldecabres R, Casal CA, Chiminazzo, JGC, De Benito AM. Players\u2019 on-court movements and contextual variables in badminton world championship. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1567. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01567"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"r23","series-title":"Respir Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00083-3","article-title":"The energetics of anaerobic muscle metabolism: a reappraisal of older and recent concepts","volume":"118","author":"di Prampero PE","year":"1999","unstructured":"di Prampero PE, Ferretti G. The energetics of anaerobic muscle metabolism: a reappraisal of older and recent concepts. Respir Physiol. 1999;118(2\u20133):103\u2013115. doi:10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00083-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"r24","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","article-title":"Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science","volume":"41","author":"Hopkins W","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopkins W, Marshall S, Batterham A, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3\u201312. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"issue":"6","key":"r25","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.6.752","article-title":"Energy utilization in intermittent exercise at supramaximal speeds","volume":"26","author":"Margaria R","year":"1969","unstructured":"Margaria R, Oliva RD, di Prampero PE, Cerretelli P. Energy utilization in intermittent exercise at supramaximal speeds. J Appl Physiol. 1969;26(6):752\u2013756. doi:10.1152\/jappl.1969.26.6.752"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.367","article-title":"Energy cost of running","volume":"18","author":"Margaria R","year":"1963","unstructured":"Margaria R, Cerretelli P, Aghemo P, Sassi G. Energy cost of running. J Appl Physiol. 1963;18(2):367\u2013370. doi:10.1152\/jappl.1963.18.2.367"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081850","article-title":"The relationship between running velocity and the energy cost of turning during running","volume":"9","author":"Hatamoto Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatamoto Y, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Higaki Y, Kiyonaga A, Tanaka H. The relationship between running velocity and the energy cost of turning during running. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):850. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0081850"},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport","article-title":"Speed effects on the accuracy of heart rate as oxygen-uptake indicator in short-distance shuttle running","volume":"15","author":"Rampichini S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rampichini S, Limonta E, Zago M, et\u00a0al. Speed effects on the accuracy of heart rate as oxygen-uptake indicator in short-distance shuttle running. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2023;15:5800. doi:doi:10.1080\/02701367.2023.2275800"},{"issue":"6","key":"r29","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000515","article-title":"Measured and estimated energy cost of constant and shuttle running in soccer players","volume":"47","author":"Stevens TG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stevens TG, De Ruiter CJ, Van Maurik D, Van Lierop CJ, Savelsbergh GJ, Beek PJ. Measured and estimated energy cost of constant and shuttle running in soccer players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(6):1219\u20131224. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000515"},{"issue":"8","key":"r30","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1578416","article-title":"Kinematic effects of repeated turns while running","volume":"19","author":"Zago M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zago M, Esposito F, Bertozzi F, et\u00a0al. Kinematic effects of repeated turns while running. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019;19(8):1072\u20131081. doi:10.1080\/17461391.2019.1578416"},{"key":"r31","series-title":"Hum Mov Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2019.06.005","article-title":"Mechanical work in shuttle running as a function of speed and distance: implications for power and efficiency","volume":"66","author":"Zamparo P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zamparo P, Pavei G, Monte A, et\u00a0al. Mechanical work in shuttle running as a function of speed and distance: implications for power and efficiency. Hum Mov Sci. 2019;66:487\u2013496. doi:10.1016\/j.humov.2019.06.005"},{"issue":"11","key":"r32","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04474-7","article-title":"Biomechanical and metabolic aspects of backward (and forward) running on uphill gradients: another clue towards an almost inelastic rebound","volume":"120","author":"Rasica L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rasica L, Porcelli S, Minetti AE, Pavei G. Biomechanical and metabolic aspects of backward (and forward) running on uphill gradients: another clue towards an almost inelastic rebound. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2020;120(11):2507\u20132515. doi:10.1007\/s00421-020-04474-7"},{"issue":"10","key":"r33","series-title":"J Exp Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.10.1805","article-title":"The application of ground force explains the energetic cost of running backward and forward","volume":"204","author":"Wright S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wright S, Weyand PG. The application of ground force explains the energetic cost of running backward and forward. J Exp Biol. 2001;204(10):1805\u20131815. doi:10.1242\/jeb.204.10.1805"},{"issue":"9","key":"r34","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257124","article-title":"AIR-BT, a new badminton-specific incremental easy-to-use test","volume":"16","author":"Abi\u00e1n-Vic\u00e9n J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abi\u00e1n-Vic\u00e9n J, Bravo-S\u00e1nchez A, Abi\u00e1n, P. AIR-BT, a new badminton-specific incremental easy-to-use test. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257124. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0257124"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/9\/article-p1265.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/9\/article-p1265.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/9\/article-p1265.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T15:22:15Z","timestamp":1760368935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/9\/article-p1265.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0267","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}