{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:30:48Z","timestamp":1790793048329,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> We examined the effect of glycerol- and sodium-induced hyperhydration on a field-based half-marathon in warm conditions. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Endurance runners (N\u2009=\u200913) completed a 180-minute hyperhydration (HYP) and control (CON) protocol before a maximal-effort half-marathon time trial (\u223c24 \u00b0C wet-bulb globe temperature) in a randomized crossover order. HYP involved ingesting 25\u00a0mL\u00b7kg body mass (BM)<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> fluid with glycerol (1.2\u00a0g\u00b7kg BM<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and sodium chloride (7.5\u00a0g\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in 4 equal boluses across 60\u00a0minutes, with CON matching fluid ingestion for volume and timing. Every 20\u00a0minutes, urine samples were analyzed for volume (U<jats:sub>Vol<\/jats:sub>; in milliliters) and fluid retention (fluid ingested minus U<jats:sub>Vol<\/jats:sub>; in milliliters), while gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded using a questionnaire. Changes in plasma volume were calculated from hematocrit and hemoglobin at baseline and every 60\u00a0minutes. Core temperature (gastrointestinal temperature) and heart rate were recorded during the half-marathon. Intervention effects were estimated using linear mixed models and are presented as mean differences with 95% CIs. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> HYP increased fluid retention compared with CON by 1189\u00a0mL, 95% CI 987\u20131391 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and plasma volume by 9.0%, 95% CI 3.6\u201314.4 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in exercise performance, gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal temperature, and heart rate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05 for mean values and at all time points). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Glycerol- and sodium-induced hyperhydration improved hydration status without changing gastrointestinal symptoms prior to endurance exercise in warm conditions but did not improve half-marathon performance. This strategy requires further investigation in environments with greater heat stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T21:12:22Z","timestamp":1743023542000},"page":"770-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Addition of Glycerol and Sodium Chloride to a Hyperhydration Protocol Does Not Improve Half-Marathon Time-Trial Performance in Trained Runners in Warm Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-0626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William T.","family":"Jardine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sport Research, Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-7488","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominique","family":"Condo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sport Research, Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-0272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brad","family":"Aisbett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4134-4187","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Megan L.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Australian Catholic University, Watson, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-5637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise M.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Australian Catholic University, Watson, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5041-2981","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Durkalec-Michalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4014-0705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gavin","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6266-4246","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julien D.","family":"P\u00e9riard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3855-2540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amelia J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sport Research, Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1","series-title":"Compr Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130017","article-title":"Dehydration: physiology, assessment, and performance effects","volume":"4","author":"Cheuvront SN","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW. 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