{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:50:22Z","timestamp":1793303422306,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Although previous studies have compared strength-training adaptations between free weights (FW) and machine-guided exercises, those studies did not use a Smith machine (SM), which most closely replicates the exercises performed with FW. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the chronic effects of strength-focused, velocity-based training regimens using FW versus SM. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Thirty-seven sport-science students (14 female) were assigned, balanced by sex and relative strength, to either an FW or SM training group. The training program lasted 8\u00a0weeks (2 sessions\/wk), and participants performed 4 sets per exercise (back squat and bench press) at 70% of their 1-repetition maximum with moderate effort levels (20%\u201325% velocity loss). Load\u2013velocity profile parameters (load-axis intercept, velocity-axis intercept, and area under the load\u2013velocity relationship line), cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major muscles, and the number of repetitions to failure in the bench-press exercise were assessed before and after the training program. Mechanical variables were assessed using both FW and SM<jats:italic>. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> All variables, with the exception of back-squat velocity-axis intercept (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.124),\u00a0improved in both training groups. The changes in load-axis intercept and area under the load\u2013velocity relationship line were more pronounced when the training and testing conditions matched. Failure in the bench-press exercise and cross-sectional areas of the vastus lateralis and pectoralis major showed comparable improvements for both training groups, while velocity-axis intercept tended to improve more in the SM group. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The general population, unconcerned with the specificity of strength adaptations, can choose a training modality (FW or SM) based on personal preferences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T19:47:49Z","timestamp":1735674469000},"page":"292-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative Effects of the Free Weights and Smith Machine Squat and Bench Press: The Important Role of Specificity for Strength Adaptations"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7223-527X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Marcos-Frutos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-2099","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sergio","family":"Miras-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2305-5229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coru\u00f1a, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0608-8755","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amador","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de la Sant\u00edsima Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"r1","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0486-0","article-title":"The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance","volume":"46","author":"Suchomel TJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Stone MH. 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