{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:17:02Z","timestamp":1788185822108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Previous research has primarily focused on bounce drop jump (BDJ) rather than countermovement drop jump (CDJ) in studying optimal drop heights for drop jump. This study explored the biomechanic parameters of both BDJ and CDJ and their relationship with performance across varying drop heights based on the percentage of squat-jump height (SJH). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> Twenty-four college basketball athletes were recruited and divided into low- and high-strength groups. Participants performed BDJ and CDJ at 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, and 175% of SJH. The point or zone with the largest reactive strength index (RSI) corresponds to the optimal drop height for a drop jump. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:italic> Optimal drop heights were determined to be 84.7% of SJH for BDJ low strength and 84.1% of SJH for BDJ high strength, with no significant difference between groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.213). For CDJ, relative optimal drop heights were 104.6% of SJH for CDJ low strength and 106.1% of SJH for CDJ high strength, also with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.717). Mechanical power with RSI exhibited a coefficient close to 1 (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.98\u2013.99), while average propulsive force demonstrated a very strong positive correlation with RSI (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.72\u2013.77). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> It is recommended that basketball athletes incorporate particular percentages of SJH into drop jump, with 75% to 100% of SJH for BDJ and 100% to 125% of SJH for CDJ, as these heights are associated with achieving an optimal RSI and mechanical power. Tailoring the inclusion of BDJ or CDJ in training should account for the specific demands of on-court positions and task objectives for basketball players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T11:32:44Z","timestamp":1738927964000},"page":"488-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Optimal Drop Heights in 2 Drop-Jump Exercises for Basketball Athletes With Differing Strength Levels"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8540-2528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leijiao","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Training Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-398X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Training Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0853-339X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shanwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Training Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Biomechanics Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7126-805X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dance and Martial Arts, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5135-0800","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Training Institute, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6231-8095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenglin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Biomechanics Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181739d9b","article-title":"Physiological testing of basketball players: toward a standard evaluation of anaerobic fitness","volume":"22","author":"Delextrat A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Delextrat A, Cohen D. Physiological testing of basketball players: toward a standard evaluation of anaerobic fitness. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(4):1066\u20131072. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181739d9b"},{"key":"r2","series-title":"The Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine. Vol 3: Strength and Power in Sport","author":"Schmidtbleicher D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schmidtbleicher D, Komi PV. The Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine. Vol 3: Strength and Power in Sport. Training for Power Events; 1992."},{"issue":"1","key":"r3","series-title":"J Hum Kinet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2014-0062","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of the jump shot in basketball","volume":"42","author":"Struzik A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Struzik A, Pietraszewski B, Zawadzki J. Biomechanical analysis of the jump shot in basketball. J Hum Kinet. 2014; 42(1):73\u201379. doi:10.2478\/hukin-2014-0062"},{"issue":"5","key":"r4","series-title":"Strength Cond J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e318187e25b","article-title":"The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretch-shortening cycle training","volume":"30","author":"Flanagan EP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flanagan EP, Comyns TM. The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretch-shortening cycle training. Strength Cond J. 2008;30(5):32\u201338. doi:10.1519\/SSC.0b013e318187e25b"},{"issue":"5","key":"r5","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01825-0","article-title":"Effects of plyometric jump training on the reactive strength index in healthy individuals across the lifespan: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Ramirez-Campillo R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramirez-Campillo R, Thapa RK, Afonso J, et\u00a0al. Effects of plyometric jump training on the reactive strength index in healthy individuals across the lifespan: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2023;53(5):1029\u20131053. doi:10.1007\/s40279-023-01825-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"r6","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exer","first-page":"332","article-title":"Drop jumping. I. The influence of jumping technique on the biomechanics of jumping","volume":"19","author":"Bobbert MF","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bobbert MF, Huijing PA, van Ingen Schenau GJ. Drop jumping. I. The influence of jumping technique on the biomechanics of jumping. Med Sci Sports Exer. 1987;19(4):332\u2013338. PubMed ID: 3657481"},{"issue":"5","key":"r7","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971134","article-title":"A comparison of drop jump training methods: effects on leg extensor strength qualities and jumping performance","volume":"20","author":"Young WB","year":"1999","unstructured":"Young WB, Wilson GJ, Byrne C. A comparison of drop jump training methods: effects on leg extensor strength qualities and jumping performance. Int J Sports Med. 1999;20(5):295\u2013303. doi:10.1055\/s-2007-971134"},{"issue":"12","key":"r8","series-title":"J Sport Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.789921","article-title":"Which drop jump technique is most effective at enhancing countermovement jump ability, \u201ccountermovement\u201d drop jump or \u201cbounce\u201d drop jump?","volume":"31","author":"Marshall BM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marshall BM, Moran KA. Which drop jump technique is most effective at enhancing countermovement jump ability, \u201ccountermovement\u201d drop jump or \u201cbounce\u201d drop jump? J Sport Sci. 2013;31(12):1368\u20131374. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2013.789921"},{"key":"r9","series-title":"J Hum Kinet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2016-0003","article-title":"Effect of drop jump technique on the reactive strength index","volume":"52","author":"Struzik A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Struzik A, Juras G, Pietraszewski B, et\u00a0al. Effect of drop jump technique on the reactive strength index. J Hum Kinet. 2016;52:157\u2013164. doi:10.1515\/hukin-2016-0003"},{"issue":"5","key":"r10","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318182034b.","article-title":"Reliability of the reactive strength index and time to stabilization during depth jumps","volume":"22","author":"Flanagan EP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flanagan EP, Ebben WP, Jensen RL. Reliability of the reactive strength index and time to stabilization during depth jumps. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(5):1677\u20131682. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318182034b."},{"issue":"8","key":"r11","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d8eb03","article-title":"A comparison of methods used to identify \u201coptimal\u201d drop height for early phase adaptations in depth jump training","volume":"24","author":"Byrne PJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Byrne PJ, Moran K, Rankin P, et\u00a0al. A comparison of methods used to identify \u201coptimal\u201d drop height for early phase adaptations in depth jump training. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(8):2050\u20132055. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d8eb03"},{"issue":"7","key":"r12","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823b4bb8","article-title":"Plyometric jumping performances of male and female gymnasts from different heights","volume":"26","author":"Marina M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marina M, Jemni M, Rodr\u00edguez FA, et\u00a0al. Plyometric jumping performances of male and female gymnasts from different heights. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(7):1879\u20131886. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823b4bb8"},{"issue":"5","key":"r13","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0482","article-title":"Effects of drop height on jump performance in male and female elite adolescent handball players","volume":"14","author":"Prieske O","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prieske O, Chaabene H, Puta C, et\u00a0al. Effects of drop height on jump performance in male and female elite adolescent handball players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(5):674\u2013680. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0482"},{"issue":"11","key":"r14","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-114011","article-title":"Optimum drop jump height in division III athletes: under 75% of vertical jump height","volume":"38","author":"Peng H-T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng H-T, Khuat CT, Kernozek TW, et\u00a0al. Optimum drop jump height in division III athletes: under 75% of vertical jump height. Int J Sports Med. 2017;38(11):842\u2013846. doi:10.1055\/s-0043-114011"},{"issue":"13","key":"r15","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0969-8623","article-title":"Effects of relative drop heights of drop jump biomechanics in male volleyball players","volume":"40","author":"Peng H-T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng H-T, Song C-Y, Wallace BJ, et\u00a0al. Effects of relative drop heights of drop jump biomechanics in male volleyball players. Int J Sports Med. 2019;40(13):863\u2013870. doi:10.1055\/a-0969-8623"},{"issue":"2","key":"r16","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31829999af","article-title":"The importance of maximal leg strength for female athletes when performing drop jumps","volume":"28","author":"Barr MJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barr MJ, Nolte VW. The importance of maximal leg strength for female athletes when performing drop jumps. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(2):373\u2013380. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31829999af"},{"issue":"12","key":"r17","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001018","article-title":"Optimum drop height for maximizing power output in drop jump: the effect of maximal muscle strength","volume":"29","author":"Matic MS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matic MS, Pazin NR, Mrdakovic VD, et\u00a0al. Optimum drop height for maximizing power output in drop jump: the effect of maximal muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(12):3300\u20133310. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001018"},{"issue":"2","key":"r18","series-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31824138da","article-title":"How neurons make us jump","volume":"40","author":"Taube W","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taube W, Leukel C, Gollhofer A. How neurons make us jump. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2012;40(2):106\u2013115. doi:10.1097\/JES.0b013e31824138da"},{"issue":"3","key":"r19","series-title":"Phys Ther Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.10.001","article-title":"Quadricep and hamstring activation during drop jumps with changes in drop height","volume":"12","author":"Peng H-T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peng H-T, Kernozek TW, Song C-Y. Quadricep and hamstring activation during drop jumps with changes in drop height. Phys Ther Sport. 2011;12(3):127\u2013132. doi:10.1016\/j.ptsp.2010.10.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"r20","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay AKA","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES, et\u00a0al. Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(2):317\u2013331. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451"},{"issue":"10","key":"r21","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0486-0","article-title":"The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance","volume":"46","author":"Suchomel TJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suchomel TJ, Nimphius S, Stone MH. The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Med. 2016;46(10):1419\u20131449. doi:10.1007\/s40279-016-0486-0"},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge, 1988."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Performance assessment in strength and conditioning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comfort P, Jones P, McMahon JJ, eds. Performance assessment in strength and conditioning. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"r24","series-title":"Biol Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.1140426","article-title":"Effects of general, specific and combined warm-up on explosive muscular performance","volume":"32","author":"Andrade D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrade D, Henriquez-Olguin C, Beltran A, et\u00a0al. Effects of general, specific and combined warm-up on explosive muscular performance. Biol Sport. 2014;32(2):123\u2013128. doi:10.5604\/20831862.1140426"},{"issue":"2","key":"r25","series-title":"Europ J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422166","article-title":"A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping","volume":"50","author":"Bosco C","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bosco C, Luhtanen P, Komi PV. A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. Europ J Appl Physiol. 1983;50(2):273\u2013282. doi:10.1007\/BF00422166"},{"issue":"1","key":"r26","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","article-title":"Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science","volume":"41","author":"Hopkings WG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopkings WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, et\u00a0al. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exer. 2009;41(1):3\u201312. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"issue":"6","key":"r27","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0511","article-title":"Reactive strength index: a poor indicator of reactive strength?","volume":"13","author":"Healy R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Healy R, Kenny IC, Harrison AJ. Reactive strength index: a poor indicator of reactive strength? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(6):802\u2013809. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0511"},{"issue":"4","key":"r28","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0216","article-title":"The relationship between maximal strength and reactive strength","volume":"12","author":"Beattie K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beattie K, Carson BP, Lyons M, et\u00a0al. The relationship between maximal strength and reactive strength. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(4):548\u2013553. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0216"},{"key":"r29","series-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2019.102375","article-title":"High-density electromyographic assessment of stretch reflex activity during drop jumps from varying drop heights","volume":"50","author":"Schuster RW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schuster RW, Paternoster FK, Seiberl W. High-density electromyographic assessment of stretch reflex activity during drop jumps from varying drop heights. J Electromyogr Kinesol. 2020;50:102375. doi:10.1016\/j.jelekin.2019.102375"},{"issue":"4","key":"r30","series-title":"Acta Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01762.x","article-title":"Influence of falling height on the excitability of the soleus H\u2010reflex during drop\u2010jumps","volume":"192","author":"Leukel C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leukel C, Taube W, Gruber M, et\u00a0al. Influence of falling height on the excitability of the soleus H\u2010reflex during drop\u2010jumps. Acta Physiol. 2008;192(4):569\u2013576. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2007.01762.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"r31","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01293.x","article-title":"The drop height determines neuromuscular adaptations and changes in jump performance in stretch-shortening cycle training","volume":"22","author":"Taube W","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taube W, Leukel C, Lauber B, et\u00a0al. The drop height determines neuromuscular adaptations and changes in jump performance in stretch-shortening cycle training. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 2012;22(5):671\u2013683. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2011.01293.x"},{"issue":"24","key":"r32","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192417017","article-title":"Relationship between muscle-tendon stiffness and drop jump performance in young male basketball players during developmental stages","volume":"19","author":"Gervasi M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gervasi M, Benelli P, Venerandi R, et\u00a0al. Relationship between muscle-tendon stiffness and drop jump performance in young male basketball players during developmental stages. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):17017. doi:10.3390\/ijerph192417017"},{"issue":"3","key":"r33","series-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9030160","article-title":"The influence of ankle mobility and foot stability on jumping ability and landing mechanics: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Patti A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patti A, Gervasi M, Giustino V, et\u00a0al. The influence of ankle mobility and foot stability on jumping ability and landing mechanics: a cross-sectional study. J Funct Morphol Kinesol. 2024;9(3):160. doi:10.3390\/jfmk9030160"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/4\/article-p488.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/4\/article-p488.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/4\/article-p488.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1742899312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/4\/article-p488.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0353","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}