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Several of these factors\u2014particularly the differences in body composition and skeletal-muscle characteristics\u2014may directly impact vertical displacement and uphill performance. However, there is a lack of sex-difference reports in sports with uphill locomotion. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The sex differences in world-level endurance performance over 10\u00a0years (2013\u20132022) in 6 different sports with uphill displacement (speed climbing, vertical race in ski mountaineering, vertical kilometer in mountain running, cycling, cross-country skiing, and ultratrail running) were calculated. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> The sex differences are generally larger (18%\u201322%) than in endurance sports performed primarily on flat terrains. This may be due to the lower lean- to fat-mass ratio commonly reported in women. In shorter uphill events (eg,\u00a0sport climbing, vertical kilometer, and short climb in cycling), the sex differences appear even more pronounced (28%\u201335%), potentially being explained by additional factors (eg, anaerobic capacity, muscle composition, and upper-body contribution). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This novel analysis over 10\u00a0years of elite endurance performance in different sports with uphill displacement shows that the sex differences are generally larger (18%\u201322%) than in endurance sports performed primarily on flat terrains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T15:22:38Z","timestamp":1735399358000},"page":"246-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Women Upward\u2014Sex Differences in Uphill Performance in Speed Climbing, Ski Mountaineering, Trail Running, Cross-Country Skiing, and Cycling"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8081-4423","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gr\u00e9goire P.","family":"Millet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-8301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antoine","family":"Raberin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6029-9516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raphael","family":"Faiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6914-2117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicola","family":"Giovanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Fran\u00e7aise de la Montagne et de l\u2019Escalade, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9044-0621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Place","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Sandbakk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"r1","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.911354","article-title":"Where are all the female participants in Sports and Exercise Medicine research?","volume":"14","author":"Costello JT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Costello JT, Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM. 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