{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T06:23:24Z","timestamp":1784355804322,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Human Kinetics","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic><jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> This study investigated the relationship between training-load (TL) metrics and the acute performance decrement (APD) measured immediately after 4 training sessions performed by well-trained runners. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> On a treadmill, 12 well-trained runners (10 men and 2 women) performed an incremental test, a baseline time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test at maximal aerobic speed, and 4 randomized training sessions followed by a TTE test to measure APD. The training sessions were matched for external load (60\u00a0arbitrary units) but differed in the time spent in the 3 intensity domains. The TL metrics used were based on training impulse, heart-rate variability, ratings of perceived exertion, and the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scale. <jats:italic><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> TTE was significantly shorter after all the training sessions compared with baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). While APD was higher (+16%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.035) for long-duration high-intensity training (HIT<jats:sub>long<\/jats:sub>) compared with low-intensity training (LIT), most TL metrics showed higher values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in LIT than in HIT<jats:sub>long<\/jats:sub>. Conversely, NASA-TLX values were higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in HIT<jats:sub>long<\/jats:sub> than in LIT and were significantly associated with APD values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.54). Physiological parameters showed that less time was spent above 90% of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max during LIT compared with the other training sessions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), while average respiratory frequency and mean respiratory exchange ratio were higher during HIT<jats:sub>long<\/jats:sub> compared to LIT (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). <jats:italic><jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>:<\/jats:italic> APD was observed after the 4 running training sessions, and it was not associated with most of the TL metrics. Only NASA-TLX was associated with APD, suggesting that this TL metric could be leveraged for training monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T18:24:32Z","timestamp":1745605472000},"page":"823-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Relationship Between Training Load and Acute Performance Decrements Following Different Types of Training Sessions in Well-Trained Runners"],"prefix":"10.1123","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-1618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mattia","family":"D\u2019Alleva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4716-1667","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Nicol\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico,\u201d Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rebellato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Voltolina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6914-2117","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicola","family":"Giovanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0445-9578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"De Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-1720","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miriam","family":"Isola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6982-5217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lara","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-2220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enrico","family":"Rejc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2122-3794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simone","family":"Zaccaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Stafuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-5161","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Massimo","family":"Sacchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome \u201cForo Italico,\u201d Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-2221","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefano","family":"Lazzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"100","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"r1","series-title":"Br J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096581","article-title":"How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury","volume":"50","author":"Soligard T","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soligard T, Schwellnus M, Alonso JM, et\u00a0al. How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(17):1030\u20131041. doi:10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096581"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0536","article-title":"Validity of the training-load concept","volume":"17","author":"Passfield L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Passfield L, Murias JM, Sacchetti M, Nicolo A. Validity of the training-load concept. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2022;17(4):507\u2013514. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0536"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935","article-title":"Internal and external training load: 15\u00a0years on","volume":"14","author":"Impellizzeri FM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Coutts AJ. Internal and external training load: 15\u00a0years on. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(2):270\u2013273. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0935"},{"issue":"5","key":"r4","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0454","article-title":"Methods of monitoring training load and their relationships to changes in fitness and performance in competitive road cyclists","volume":"12","author":"Sanders D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanders D, Abt G, Hesselink MKC, Myers T, Akubat I. Methods of monitoring training load and their relationships to changes in fitness and performance in competitive road cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(5):668. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0454"},{"issue":"4","key":"r5","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0072","article-title":"Cycling performance and training load: effects of intensity and duration","volume":"16","author":"Kesisoglou A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kesisoglou A, Nicol\u00f2 A, Passfield L. Cycling performance and training load: effects of intensity and duration. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021;16(4):535\u2013543. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0072"},{"issue":"2","key":"r6","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00764.2021","article-title":"Neuromuscular and perceptual mechanisms of fatigue accompanying task failure in response to moderate-, heavy-, severe-, and extreme-intensity cycling","volume":"133","author":"Iannetta D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iannetta D, Zhang J, Murias JM, Aboodarda SJ. Neuromuscular and perceptual mechanisms of fatigue accompanying task failure in response to moderate-, heavy-, severe-, and extreme-intensity cycling. J Appl Physiol. 2022;133(2):764. doi:10.1152\/japplphysiol.00764.2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"r7","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0844","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent running: acute performance decrement and training load","volume":"16","author":"Kesisoglou A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kesisoglou A, Nicol\u00f2 A, Howland L, Passfield L. Continuous versus intermittent running: acute performance decrement and training load. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021;16(12):1794\u20131803. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2020-0844"},{"issue":"3","key":"r8","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0157","article-title":"Training load and acute performance decrements following different training sessions","volume":"18","author":"Vermeire KM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vermeire KM, Caen K, Bourgois JG, Boone J. Training load and acute performance decrements following different training sessions. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2023;18(3):284\u2013292. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0157"},{"issue":"14","key":"r9","series-title":"J Sports Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1754725","article-title":"The relative contribution of training intensity and duration to daily measures of training load in professional rugby league and union","volume":"38","author":"Weaving D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weaving D, Dalton-Barron N, McLaren S, et\u00a0al. The relative contribution of training intensity and duration to daily measures of training load in professional rugby league and union. J Sports Sci. 2020;38(14):1674\u20131681. doi:10.1080\/02640414.2020.1754725"},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0543","article-title":"Durability and underlying physiological factors: how do they change throughout a cycling season in semiprofessional cyclists?","volume":"10","author":"Voet JG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Voet JG, Lamberts RP, Viribay A, de Koning JJ, van Erp T. Durability and underlying physiological factors: how do they change throughout a cycling season in semiprofessional cyclists? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024;10:809\u2013819. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0543"},{"issue":"4","key":"r11","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci.","first-page":"449","article-title":"The intensity rather than the quantity of prior work determines the subsequent downward shift in the power duration relationship in professional cyclists","volume":"24","author":"Spragg J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spragg J, Leo P, Giorgi A, Gonzalez BM, Swart J. The intensity rather than the quantity of prior work determines the subsequent downward shift in the power duration relationship in professional cyclists. Eur J Sport Sci. 2024;24(4):449\u2013457. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsc.12077"},{"key":"r12","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0287","article-title":"Intensity matters: effect of different work-matched efforts on subsequent performance in cyclists","volume":"10","author":"Barranco-Gil D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barranco-Gil D, Alejo LB, Revuelta C, et\u00a0al. Intensity matters: effect of different work-matched efforts on subsequent performance in cyclists. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024;10:287. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0287"},{"issue":"2","key":"r13","series-title":"Eur J Sport Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2015.1004373","article-title":"A pilot study on quantification of training load: the use of HRV in training practice","volume":"16","author":"Saboul D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saboul D, Balducci P, Millet G, Pialoux V, Hautier C. A pilot study on quantification of training load: the use of HRV in training practice. Eur J Sport Sci. 2016;16(2):172\u2013181. doi:10.1080\/17461391.2015.1004373"},{"issue":"8","key":"r14","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318060f17d","article-title":"Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes: intensity and duration effects","volume":"39","author":"Seiler S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seiler S, Haugen O, Kuffel E. Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes: intensity and duration effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1366\u20131373. doi:10.1249\/mss.0b013e318060f17d"},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Adv Psychol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9","article-title":"Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): results of empirical and theoretical research","volume":"52","author":"Hart SG","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hart SG, Staveland LE. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): results of empirical and theoretical research. Adv Psychol. 1988;52:139\u2013183. doi:10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"r16","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020","article-title":"A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange","volume":"60","author":"Beaver WL","year":"1986","unstructured":"Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J Appl Physiol. 1986;60(6):2020\u20132027. doi:10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"r17","series-title":"J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.1.217","article-title":"A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise","volume":"50","author":"Whipp BJ","year":"1981","unstructured":"Whipp BJ, Davis JA, Torres F, Wasserman K. A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981;50(1):217\u2013221. doi:10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.1.217"},{"issue":"9","key":"r18","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199509000-00009","article-title":"Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary","volume":"27","author":"Howley ET","year":"1995","unstructured":"Howley ET, Bassett DRJ, Welch HG. Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27(9):1292\u20131301. doi:10.1249\/00005768-199509000-00009"},{"issue":"7","key":"r19","series-title":"Int J Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972889","article-title":"Comparison of maximal aerobic speed as assessed with laboratory and field measurements in moderately trained subjects","volume":"17","author":"Berthoin S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berthoin S, Pelayo P, Lensel-Corbeil G, Robin H, Gerbeaux M. Comparison of maximal aerobic speed as assessed with laboratory and field measurements in moderately trained subjects. Int J Sports Med. 1996;17(7):525\u2013529. doi:10.1055\/s-2007-972889"},{"issue":"1","key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0468","volume":"20","author":"Panasc\u00ec M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Panasc\u00ec M, Ferrando V, Bisio A, et al. Moderate-duration dynamic stretching during warm-up improves running economy and running performance in recreational distance runners. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2025;20(1):99\u2013108. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2023-0468"},{"issue":"1","key":"r21","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","first-page":"109","article-title":"A new approach to monitoring exercise training","volume":"15","author":"Foster C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, et\u00a0al. A new approach to monitoring exercise training. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15(1):109\u2013115. PubMed ID: 11708692"},{"issue":"5","key":"r22","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000064999.82036.B4","article-title":"Tour de France versus Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a: which is harder?","volume":"35","author":"Luc\u00eda A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Luc\u00eda A, Hoyos J, Santalla A, Earnest C, Chicharro JL. Tour de France versus Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a: which is harder? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(5):872\u2013878. doi:10.1249\/01.MSS.0000064999.82036.B4"},{"issue":"10","key":"r23","series-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0668","article-title":"Comparison of heart-rate-variability recording with smartphone photoplethysmography, polar H7 chest strap, and electrocardiography","volume":"12","author":"Plews DJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plews DJ, Scott B, Altini M, Wood M, Kilding AE, Laursen PB. Comparison of heart-rate-variability recording with smartphone photoplethysmography, polar H7 chest strap, and electrocardiography. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(10):1324\u20131328. doi:10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0668"},{"issue":"2","key":"r24","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ccb18d","article-title":"Validity and reliability of optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height","volume":"25","author":"Glatthorn JF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glatthorn JF, Gouge S, Nussbaumer S, Stauffacher S, Impellizzeri FM, Maffiuletti NA. Validity and reliability of optojump photoelectric cells for estimating vertical jump height. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(2):18. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ccb18d"},{"issue":"7","key":"r25","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219295","article-title":"Predicting fatigue using countermovement jump force-time signatures: PCA can distinguish neuromuscular versus metabolic fatigue","volume":"14","author":"Wu PPY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu PPY, Sterkenburg N, Everett K, Chapman DW, White N, Mengersen K. Predicting fatigue using countermovement jump force-time signatures: PCA can distinguish neuromuscular versus metabolic fatigue. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):9295. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0219295"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147770","article-title":"No evidence of the ego-depletion effect across task characteristics and individual differences: a pre-registered study","volume":"11","author":"Lurquin JH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lurquin JH, Michaelson LE, Barker JE, et\u00a0al. No evidence of the ego-depletion effect across task characteristics and individual differences: a pre-registered study. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):7770. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0147770"},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Front Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00868","article-title":"Is oxygen uptake measurement enough to estimate energy expenditure during high-intensity intermittent exercise? Quantification of anaerobic contribution by different methods","volume":"9","author":"Panissa VLG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Panissa VLG, Fukuda DH, Caldeira RS, et\u00a0al. Is oxygen uptake measurement enough to estimate energy expenditure during high-intensity intermittent exercise? Quantification of anaerobic contribution by different methods. Front Physiol. 2018;9:868. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2018.00868"},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Aust J Sports Med","first-page":"57","article-title":"A systems model of training for athletic performance","volume":"7","author":"Banister EW","year":"1975","unstructured":"Banister EW, Calvert TW, Savage MV, Bach TM. A systems model of training for athletic performance. Aust J Sports Med. 1975;7:57\u201361."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"Physiological Testing of the Elite Athlete","author":"Ross W","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ross W, Marfell-Jones M, MacDougall J, Wenger H, Green H. Physiological Testing of the Elite Athlete. Human Kinetics; 1991."},{"key":"r30","series-title":"The Heart Rate Monitor Book","article-title":"High performance training and racing","author":"Edwards S","year":"1993:113\u2013123","unstructured":"Edwards S. High performance training and racing. In: The Heart Rate Monitor Book. Feet Fleet Press; 1993:113\u2013123."},{"issue":"11","key":"r31","series-title":"J Strength Cond Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004534","article-title":"Demarcation of intensity from 3 to 5 zones aids in understanding physiological performance progression in highly trained under-23 rowing athletes","volume":"37","author":"Watts SP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watts SP, Binnie MJ, Goods PSR, Hewlett J, Fahey-Gilmour J, Peeling P. Demarcation of intensity from 3 to 5 zones aids in understanding physiological performance progression in highly trained under-23 rowing athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2023;37(11):593\u2013600. doi:10.1519\/JSC.0000000000004534"},{"key":"r32","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Routledge; 1988."},{"issue":"9","key":"r33","series-title":"Nat Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0251-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise","volume":"2","author":"Hargreaves M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hargreaves M, Spriet LL. Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise. Nat Metab. 2020;2(9):817\u2013828. doi:10.1038\/s42255-020-0251-4"},{"issue":"13","key":"r34","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283036","article-title":"On the role of skeletal muscle acidosis and inorganic phosphates as determinants of central and peripheral fatigue: a 31P-MRS study","volume":"600","author":"Hureau TJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hureau TJ, Broxterman RM, Weavil JC, Lewis MT, Layec G, Amann M. On the role of skeletal muscle acidosis and inorganic phosphates as determinants of central and peripheral fatigue: a 31P-MRS study. J Physiol. 2022;600(13):3036. doi:10.1113\/JP283036"},{"issue":"5","key":"r35","series-title":"Sports Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x","article-title":"High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis","volume":"43","author":"Buchheit M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med. 2013;43(5):313\u2013338. doi:10.1007\/s40279-013-0029-x"},{"issue":"8","key":"r36","series-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001612","article-title":"Comparison between slow components of HR and VO2 kinetics: functional significance","volume":"50","author":"Zuccarelli L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zuccarelli L, Porcelli S, Rasica L, Marzorati M, Grassi B. Comparison between slow components of HR and VO2 kinetics: functional significance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(8):1612. doi:10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001612"},{"issue":"12","key":"r37","series-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-022-05036-9","article-title":"Prolonged cycling reduces power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition","volume":"122","author":"Stevenson JD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stevenson JD, Kilding AE, Plews DJ, Maunder E. Prolonged cycling reduces power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022;122(12):2673\u20132682. doi:10.1007\/s00421-022-05036-9"},{"key":"r38","series-title":"Front Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00922","article-title":"Respiratory frequency during exercise: the neglected physiological measure","volume":"8","author":"Nicol\u00f2 A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nicol\u00f2 A, Massaroni C, Passfield L. Respiratory frequency during exercise: the neglected physiological measure. Front Physiol. 2017;8:922. doi:10.3389\/fphys.2017.00922"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/6\/article-p823.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/6\/article-p823.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/6\/article-p823.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T16:34:26Z","timestamp":1747931666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/view\/journals\/ijspp\/20\/6\/article-p823.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2024-0453","relation":{},"ISSN":["1555-0265","1555-0273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1555-0265","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-0273","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]}}}